18 Questions
What is the result of the adaptive capability of cells being exceeded or the injury being severe enough to overcome the adaptation capacity?
Cell injury
What is the term for the death of cells within viable organs?
Necrosis
What is the process by which cells try to achieve a new steady state and preserve viability under physiological or pathological stress?
Cell adaptation
What is the term for the new and abnormal growth of cells?
Neoplasia
What is the term for the disorders related to the circulation of blood and the functioning of the heart?
Hemodynamic disorders
What is the result of oxygen deprivation, which interferes with aerobic oxidative respiration?
Hypoxia
What is the most common cause of cell injury and hypoxia?
Ischemia
Which of the following is a cause of cell injury due to an abnormal concentration of a normal substrate?
Chemicals
What is the term for the intrinsic aging of cells, leading to alterations in replicative and repair abilities?
Cellular senescence
What is the definition of cellular adaptation?
A new steady state that lies between normal unstressed cell and the injured overstressed cell
Which of the following is a cause of hypoxia?
Pneumonia
What is the result of antigen-antibody reactions that are overridden or improperly operating?
Autoimmune disorders
What is the fundamental step leading to atrophy?
Imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation
What is the difference between physiological and pathological adaptation?
Physiological adaptation is beneficial, while pathological adaptation is harmful
What is the result of an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation in atrophy?
Decrease in structural components
What is the characteristic of all adaptive responses?
They are always reversible
What is the result of a decrease in the size of the cell in atrophy?
Decrease in cell function
What is the term for the enlargement of the breast and uterus during pregnancy?
Physiological adaptation
Understand the fundamental concepts of general pathology, including cell injury, adaptation, inflammation, and repair. Learn how cells respond to stimuli and the various types of hemodynamic disorders.
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