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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the formation of a solid mass within the heart or vascular system?
Which feature is indicative of acute inflammation?
Which chemical solution is used during tissue processing to dissolve lipid accumulation?
What is recognized as the most common cause of cell injury and death?
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Which biopsy technique is primarily used for sampling in cancer diagnoses?
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Which of the following is a complication of wound healing?
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What do you call a subcutaneous collection of erythrocytes that is larger than 1cm in diameter?
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Which of the following describes hemodynamic disorders?
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What best describes the process called chemotaxis?
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Which of the following options is classified as a malignant tumor?
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Which of the following is considered a stable cell?
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Which histochemical technique is used to differentiate iron from other pigment depositions?
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Which type of lesion is classified as precancerous?
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What defines metaplasia?
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Which of the following describes congestion?
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Which morphological pattern is associated with irreversible cell injury?
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What is primarily responsible for atrophy?
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Which of the following is a feature of apoptosis?
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Which morphological pattern is indicative of reversible cell injury?
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What accurately defines thrombosis?
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Which type of necrosis is characterized by caseation?
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Study Notes
Metaplasia
- A reversible change where one mature cell type is replaced by another mature cell type
Congestion
- Impaired venous drainage, leading to an accumulation of blood in the affected area
Irreversible Cell Injury
- Pyknosis: Nuclear shrinkage, increased basophilia, and chromatin clumping
- Karyorrhexis: Fragmentation of the pyknotic nucleus
- Karyolysis: Dissolution of the nucleus
Atropy
- A decrease in the size of a tissue or organ due to a decrease in the size of its individual cells
- Caused by factors like:
- Severe protein-calorie malnutrition
- Hypoxia
Apoptosis
- Programmed single-cell death, characterized by:
- No rupture of the cell membrane
- Absence of acute inflammation
- Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by neighbors
- Formation of apoptotic bodies
Reversible Cell Injury
- ** Fatty change:** Accumulation of intracellular fat droplets
- Loss of microvilli: Indicates a decrease in cell surface area
- ER swelling: Indicates a disruption in cellular metabolism
- ** Cellular swelling:** Accumulation of water in the cell due to a disruption in cell membrane function
Thrombosis
- The occlusion or obstruction of a vessel by an abnormal mass (solid, liquid, or gaseous) transported from a different site by the circulation
Necrosis
- Types of necrosis include:
- Caseous: Cheese-like appearance, commonly seen in tuberculosis
- Coagulation: Denaturation of proteins, commonly seen in ischemic injury
- Fibrinoid: Deposition of fibrin-like material in blood vessels
- Fat: Necrosis of fat cells due to the release of lipases, commonly seen in pancreatitis
Chronic Inflammation
- Characterized by:
- Fibrosis
- Tissue destruction
- Mononuclear cell infiltration
- Angiogenesis
- Unlike acute inflammation, edema is not a primary feature
Jaundice
- Caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and tissues
Complications of Wound Healing
- Keloid formation: An excessive scar formation
- Granulation tissue formation: A type of tissue that fills the wound
- Regeneration: Replacement of damaged tissue with similar tissue
- Inflammation: The initial phase of wound healing
Hematoma
- Subcutaneous collection of erythrocytes larger than 1 cm in diameter
Hemodynamic Disorders
- Disturbed perfusion that results in organ and cellular injury
Chemotaxis
- Movement of cells toward a certain site or source, often in response to chemical signals
Malignant Tumor
- Melanoma: A malignant tumor of melanocytes
Stable Cells
- Cells that have a limited capacity for division under normal conditions, including:
- Heart muscle
- Vascular endothelium
Histochemical Technique for Iron
- Prussian Blue: A stain that is used to identify iron deposits
Non-Tumor Lesions
- Hamarthoma: A benign tumor-like malformation composed of tissues normally found in the location of the growth
Hypoxic Injury
- Neurons: Are highly susceptible to hypoxic injury due to their high metabolic demand
Precancerous Lesion
- Dysplasia: Abnormal cell growth and development, which may progress to cancer
Main Fixative in Pathology
- Formaline: A commonly used fixative for tissue preservation
Multinucleated Giant Cells
- Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that can fuse to form multinucleated giant cells
Hemorrhage
- Presence of blood in the interstitial tissue outside of the blood vessels and heart
Features of Acute Inflammation
- Edema
- Unlike chronic inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis are not primary features.
Lipid Dissolution during Tissue Processing
- Alcohol: Is used to dissolve lipids during tissue processing
Most Common Cause of Cell Injury and Cell Death
- Hypoxia: A deficiency of oxygen
Most Common Malignant Tumor in Women
- Breast Cancer: The most common malignancy in women
Hallmark of Reversible Injury
- Cellular swelling: The first sign of reversible cell injury
Biopsy Technique for Cancer
- Incisional biopsy: A sample of the tumor is removed for examination
- Excisional biopsy: The entire tumor mass is removed for examination
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Description
Explore the concepts of cell injury, adaptation, and the underlying mechanisms involved in pathological conditions. This quiz covers key processes like metaplasia, apoptosis, and atrophy, providing insights into reversible and irreversible cell changes. Test your understanding of these critical cell biology topics.
