Theories & Models Continued unit 3 lec 4
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Theories & Models Continued unit 3 lec 4

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What is the primary focus of Stimulus Response Theory?

  • Behavior is entirely determined by genetics.
  • Behavior is based on stimulus, response, and reinforcement. (correct)
  • Behavior is influenced by emotional factors.
  • Behavior is learned through observation of others.

    • Which form of conditioning does reinforcement pertain to in Stimulus Response Theory?

  • Classical conditioning
  • Social conditioning
  • Operant conditioning (correct)
  • Behaviorism

    • In which situation does positive reinforcement occur?

  • Implementing a punishment for poor behavior.
  • Addition of a rewarding outcome after a behavior. (correct)
  • Removal of an unpleasant consequence.
  • Ignoring a specific behavior entirely.

    • How does negative reinforcement affect behavior?

    <p>It increases the likelihood by removing an unpleasant stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be considered when selecting a theory or model for behavioral change?

    <p>The unit of change, such as individuals vs. groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do consequences play in determining behavior frequency in Stimulus Response Theory?

    <p>They can either reinforce or punish behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to analyze a variety of theories and models in behavior change?

    <p>To account for the vast differences in health behaviors, populations, and contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines reinforcement in this context?

    <p>A consequence that increases the frequency of a behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does behavioral capacity refer to in Social Cognitive Theory?

    <p>The knowledge of what and how to perform a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which construct in Social Cognitive Theory is related to the perceived competence in performing a behavior?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do expectations play in Social Cognitive Theory?

    <p>They outline expected outcomes from specific situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element enhances self-efficacy through observing others' experiences?

    <p>Vicarious experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Social Cognitive Theory, which factor is critical for managing behavior through self-monitoring?

    <p>Self-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes to increasing self-efficacy through emotional support?

    <p>Verbal persuasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do values affect behavior according to Social Cognitive Theory?

    <p>They determine the likelihood of engaging in a behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT one of the methods to enhance self-efficacy?

    <p>Imitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does positive punishment involve?

    <p>Adding an unpleasant stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of negative punishment?

    <p>Taking away privileges for inappropriate behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the effects of punishment described in the content?

    <p>Usually temporary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between stimulus-response theory and social cognitive theory?

    <p>Social cognitive theory emphasizes behavior based on belief and expectation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do expectations play in social cognitive theory?

    <p>They influence the relationship between behavior and consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates the concept of reinforcement?

    <p>A dog receives a treat for sitting on command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes 'consequence' in behavior theories?

    <p>The event that follows a behavior and influences its future occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is essential to social cognitive theory in shaping behavior?

    <p>Self-efficacy beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of reinforcement in Social Cognitive Theory?

    <p>Direct reinforcement, vicarious reinforcement, self-management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reciprocal determinism emphasize in understanding behavior?

    <p>The dynamic interaction among person, behavior, and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to the belief in one's own ability to succeed?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes self-control in the context of Social Cognitive Theory?

    <p>The regulation and management of one's own behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of behavioral capacity in Social Cognitive Theory?

    <p>The acquired skills and abilities to perform behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stimulus Response Theory is primarily based on the idea that behavior is influenced by stimulus, response, and reinforcement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive punishment involves removing a positive reinforcer from a behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Social Cognitive Theory, reinforcement is combined with expectation to influence behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive reinforcement involves adding an unpleasant consequence to strengthen a behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Negative reinforcement occurs when an unpleasant consequence is removed to strengthen a behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The effects of punishment are typically long-lasting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Negative punishment involves adding an unpleasant consequence to a behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavior based on classical conditioning is determined by the consequences that follow a response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reinforcers can only be positive and cannot include negative elements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social Cognitive Theory is also referred to as Stimulus Response Theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Theories & Models Continued - SR & SCT

    • SR Theory (Stimulus Response) is a combo theory based on stimulus, response, and reinforcement.
    • Learning occurs through events that physically drive behavior.
    • Behavioral frequency is determined by consequences.
    • Conditioning types include reinforcement and punishment.
    • Positive Reinforcement: Strengthening/maintaining behavior by adding pleasure (e.g., enjoying dandelions while studying).
    • Negative Reinforcement: Strengthening behavior by removing something unpleasant (e.g., fastening a seatbelt to remove the discomfort of being unbuckled).
    • Positive Punishment: Decreasing behavior by adding something unpleasant (e.g., an aversive smoking program, or a bad-tasting nail polish).
    • Negative Punishment: Removing a positive reinforcer to decrease behavior (e.g., eating in class when the instructor removes privilege).
    • Punishment effects are usually temporary, behavior will likely return when punishment stops.
    • Consequences (reinforcement/punishment) are best when immediate and frequent (e.g., a dog getting a treat for sitting).

    Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

    • SCT is formerly known as Social Learning Theory.
    • It differs from SR theory as it incorporates reinforcement and expectation to determine behavior. (Present + will get present= answer q).
    • Behavior and beliefs regarding consequences are important.
    • Concepts like expectancy and incentives are crucial (e.g., partner forgiveness).
    • SCT is considered among the most complete theories in health behavior as it includes underlying determinants and methods of promoting change.
    • SCT focuses on interactions between people and their environment (reciprocal determinism).

    SCT Constructs

    • Behavioral Capacity: Knowing what and how to perform a behavior. (e.g., aerobic exercise)
    • Expectations: Considering and expecting specific outcomes. (e.g., expecting better breath for kissing).
    • Values: Likelihood of a behavior increases based on its valued outcome. (e.g., breathing better to kiss meaningfully).
    • Self-Efficacy: Perceived competence, situation-specific. Five ways to increase: Task mastery, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, imagery, and emotional arousal.
    • Self-Control/Self-Regulation: Monitoring and adjusting behavior, reinforcement is key.
    • Reinforcement: Includes direct, vicarious, and self-management/regulation methods.
    • Reciprocal Determinism: Interactions among people, behavior, and environment, with dynamic relations.

    SCT and Reciprocal Determinism

    • Cognition, Environment, and Behavior influence each other in behavior change.
    • The video is on this concept.

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    Description

    Explore the concepts of Stimulus Response (SR) Theory and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) in this quiz. Learn how behavior is influenced by reinforcements and punishments, and understand the various conditioning types. Test your knowledge on how these theories explain learning and behavior modification.

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