HS 2250 Theories & Models (PDF)

H S 22 5 0 TH EORI ES & M OD ELS Continued Unit 3, Lecture 4 SR & SCT Theories © J. Ir w in  © J. Ir wi n W hy a re we looking a t a va riety of theories & m ode ls? No per fect theor y or m odel for all occas ions T he healt...

H S 22 5 0 TH EORI ES & M OD ELS Continued Unit 3, Lecture 4 SR & SCT Theories © J. Ir w in  © J. Ir wi n W hy a re we looking a t a va riety of theories & m ode ls? No per fect theor y or m odel for all occas ions T he health behaviour s , pr oblem s , populations , cultur es , & context ar e br oad & var ied Unit of change m us t be cons ider ed: individuals vs. gr oups © J. Ir wi n Stimulus Response Theory ( SR THEORY) C o m b o t h e o ry ( o f w h a t ? ) Be h a v io u r b a se d o n st im u lu s, re sp o n se , & re in f o rc e m e n t Le a rn in g ; e v e n t s w h ic h p h y s. d riv e s t h a t a c t iv a t e b e h Wh ic h p a rt re p c la ssic a l c o n d ? Be h a v io u r f re q u e n c y d e t e rm in e d b y c o n se q u e n c e s Ty p e o f c o n d it io n in g re p ? C o n se q u e n c e s e it h e r re in f o rc e m e n t o r p u n ish m e n t © J. Ir wi n Stim ulus Response Theory CONTINUED REINFORCEM ENT Re w a rd e d b e h a v io u r ( B) t e n d s t o b e re p e a t e d If a c o n se q u e n c e o f B st re n g t h e n s t h e B, it ’s c a lle d a re in f o rc e r Re in f o rc e rs c a n b e p o sit iv e o r negative POSITIVE REINFORCEM ENT NEGATIVE REINFORCEM ENT St re n g t h e n / m a in t a in B b y it s A c o n se q u e n c e t h a t st re n g t h e n s a d d e d p le a su re B b y b e in g su b t ra c t e d f ro m sit ( e g.,d a n d e lio n s/ st u d yin g ) ( re m o vin g u n p le a sa n t c o n se q u e n c e s; e g., f l o s s i n g , seatbelt) © J. Ir wi n Stim ulus Response Theory CONTINUED PUNISHM ENT St im u lu s t h a t d e c re a se s st re n g t h o f B C a n b e p o sit iv e o r n e g a t iv e POSITIVE PUNISHM ENT NEGATIVE PUNISHM ENT a d d in g so m e t h in g u n p le a sa n t Re m o vin g a p o sit ive re in f o rc e r to B E.g., n o n - e xe rc ise rs & h e a lt h E.g., “a ve rsive sm o kin g c e ss in s p ro g ra m ” E.g., e a t in g in c la ss ( g a rb a g e Eg., b a d t a st in g n a il p o lish = re m o ve p rivile g e ) E.g., sp e e d in g t ic ke t © J. Ir wi n Stim ulus Response Theory CONTINUED PUNISHM ENT Eff e c t s u su a lly t e m p o ra ry ( w h e n p u n c e a se s f o llo w in g B, t h e u n d e sira b le B w ill a g a in ( e.g., d o n ’t a lw a y s g e t sp e e d in g t ic ke t s w h e n sp e e d ) © J. Ir wi n Stim ulus Response Theory CONTINUED FIGURE 7.1. RELATIONSHIP B/ W PUNISHM ENT & REINFORCEM ENT © J. Ir wi n Stim ulus Response Theory CONTINUED CONSEQUENCES ( REINFORCEM ENT/ PUNISHM ENT) Im m e d ia t e Fre q u e n t E.g., d o g - p illo w - g re e t in g E.g., f a t lo ss p ro g ra m s © J. Ir wi n Social Cognitive Theory ( SCT) Fo rm e rly kn o w n a s So c ia l Le a rn in g Th e o ry Ho w is it d if f e re n t f ro m St im u lu s Re sp o n se t h e o ry ? Re in f o rc e m e n t + e xp e c t a t io n = b e h a v io u r Pre se n t + w ill g e t p re se n t = a n sw e r q CONSEQUENCE BELIEF ABOUT BEHAVIOUR CONSEQUENCE © J. Ir wi n Social Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) C o n se q u e n c e s o f b e h & b e lie f s re c o n se q u e n c e s im p o rt a n t ! “e xp e c t a n c y ” & “in c e n t iv e s” E.g., p a rt n e r- f o rg iv e n e ss © J. Ir wi n Social Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) C o n sid e re d among t h e m o st c o m p le t e t h e o ries c u rre n t ly a p p lie d t o HP b / c it a d d re sse s b o t h u n d e rly in g d e t e rm in a n t s o f h e a lt h b e h a v io u r AND m e t h o d s o f p ro m o t in g c h a n g e Bu ilt o n a n u n d e rst a n d in g o f t h e in t e ra c t io n b / w p e o p le & t h e ir e n v iro n m e n t …d y n a m ic , su b t le & c o m p le x ( re f e rre d t o a s re c ip ro c a l d e t e rm in ism , d isc u sse d m o re a b it la t e r) © J. Ir wi n Social Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Be h a v io u r a l C a p a c it y “kn o w in g ” o f b e h a v io u r Wh a t & h o w E.g., a e ro b ic “e xe rc ise " © J. Ir wi n S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Exp e c t a t io n s t h in k & e xp e c t sit u a t io n - sp e c if ic o u t c o m e s E.g., “e xe rc ise r” & a d v ic e E.g., sm o kin g & b a d b re a t h © J. Ir wi n S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Exp e c t a n c ie s Va lu e s v a lu e s = like lih o o d o f b e h E.g.,v a lu e e a s i e r b r e a t h i n g E.g. v a lu e g o o d b re a t h f o r kissin g ( o r o t h e r a c t iv it y ) © J. Ir wi n S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Se lf Ef f ic a c y Pe rc e iv e d “c o m p e t e n c e ” Sit u a t io n sp e c if ic 5 wa ys to S.E. © J. Ir wi n S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Se lf Ef f ic a c y Ta sk Ma st e ry Vic a rio u s Exp e rie n c e s Ve rb a l Pe rsu a sio n Imagery Em o t io n a l Aro u sa l © J. Ir wi n Which examples illustrate the concepts just discussed with respect to enhancing self-efficacy? S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Se lf C o n t r o l/ Se lf Re g u la t io n C o n t ro l o v e r b e h t h ru m o n it o rin g & a d ju st in g Re in f o rc e m e n t e sse n t ia l h e re © J. Ir wi n S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Re in f o r c e m e n t 3 w a y s: 1. d ire c t re in f 2. v ic a rio u s re in f 3. se lf - m a n a g e m e n t/ -regulation © J. Ir wi n S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SCT CONSTRUCTS Re c ip r o c a l De t e r m in ism In t e ra c t io n a m o n g p e rso n , b e h a v io u r, & e n v iro n m e n t Dy n a m ic re la t io n s © J. Ir wi n  SCT and Reciprocal Determinism Video v Be prepared to explain how Cognition Environment Behaviour are all determinants of one another in explaining behaviour change v Who is the founder of reciprocal determinism? v What then, does reciprocal mean? SCT and Reciprocal Determinism S ocia l Cognitive Theory ( CONTINUED) SUMMARY Be h a v io u ra l c a p a c it y Exp e c t a t io n s Exp e c t a n c ie s Se lf e ff ic a c y ( 5 w a y s t o e n h a n c e ) Se lf c o n t ro l/ re g u la t io n Re in f o rc e m e n t ( 3) Re c ip ro c a l d e t e rm in ism © J. Ir wi n  Notice the additional videos posted on OWL -- intended to help provide illustrations & examples for you of additional theories/models presented in the text readings