18 Questions
What is the substrate for the synthesis of all steroid hormones?
Cholesterol
What is the function of glucocorticoids in the body?
Favor breakdown of fat and protein, anti-inflammatory, and promote gluconeogenesis
Where are the enzymes that produce steroid hormones from cholesterol located?
Smooth ER and mitochondria
What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in steroid synthesis?
Cytochrome P450scc enzyme
What is the name of the steroid hormone that prepares the uterus lining for implantation of ovum?
Progesterone
Why are steroid hormones complexed to specific binding globulins in the blood?
Because they are not lipid soluble and need to be carried in the blood
What is the name of the enzyme involved in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone?
P450scc
Where is cholesterol mostly located in the mitochondria?
External mitochondrial membrane
What is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of steroids?
Transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria
What is the precursor molecule for all C18, C19, and C21 steroids?
Pregnenolone
In which region of the adrenal cortex are androgens secreted?
Zona reticularis
What is the main product of androgen synthesis in the adrenal cortex?
Androstenedione
Which of the following hormones is responsible for secondary male sex characteristics and spermatogenesis?
Testosterone
What is the function of coactivator proteins in the mechanism of steroid hormone action?
To cause promoter activation and increased transcription of targeted genes
What is the main purpose of conjugation of steroid metabolites with glucouronic acid or sulfate?
To make them more soluble and excretable
What percentage of conjugated steroid metabolites is excreted in the feces?
20-30%
What is the primary function of Estradiol in the body?
To develop and maintain female reproductive tissues and regulate menstrual cycle
Where do steroid hormones bind to specific receptors in the target cell?
In the cytosol
Learn about the structure and function of steroid hormones, including their derivation from cholesterol, nomenclature, and solubility characteristics. Understand how they are carried in the blood and their mechanism of action.
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