Steroid Hormones: Structure and Function
59 Questions
0 Views

Steroid Hormones: Structure and Function

Created by
@CongratulatoryIntelligence5915

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of steroid hormones in terms of solubility?

  • They are soluble in lipids and insoluble in water (correct)
  • They are soluble in both water and lipids
  • They are insoluble in both water and lipids
  • They are soluble in water and insoluble in lipids

    • What is the primary function of aldosterone?

  • Sex determination
  • Regulation of metabolism
  • Cell signaling
  • Osmoregulation (correct)

    • Why do steroid hormones require a transport protein in the blood?

  • Because they are too large to be transported alone
  • Because they are too unstable to be transported alone
  • Because they are hydrophobic and cannot dissolve in water-based blood (correct)
  • Because they are too small to be transported alone

    • What is the approximate half-life of cortisol?

    <p>Sixty to ninety minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do steroid hormones differ from non-steroid hormones in terms of their mode of action?

    <p>They are lipid soluble and can pass through the cell membrane directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of thyroid hormone action on target tissues?

    <p>Binding to extracellular receptors in the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of G-proteins in non-steroid hormone action?

    <p>Activating adenyl cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the binding of a hormone to its receptor in non-steroid hormone action?

    <p>Production of second messengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the receptors for steroid hormones?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of steroid hormone action on target cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis directed by mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adenyl cyclase in non-steroid hormone action?

    <p>Converting ATP to cAMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of regulation is involved in the changes in ion or nutrient levels in the blood?

    <p>Humoral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main endocrine gland?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the blood supply connecting the hypothalamus and pituitary?

    <p>Portal circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback loop is involved in the regulation of hormone release?

    <p>Negative feedback loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who shared a Nobel Prize in 1977 for their research on hypothalamic releasing hormones?

    <p>Andrew Schally and Roger Guillemin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamus in the context of the endocrine system?

    <p>To control the release of hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production of ACTH, which in turn activates the cortisol axis?

    <p>Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Antidiuretic hormone/Vasopressin (ADH)?

    <p>Increasing water absorption into the blood by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is synthesized in the lactotrophe cells of the anterior pituitary and is composed of 199 amino acids?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight and diameter of the pituitary gland?

    <p>1g and 1cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production of LH and FSH, which in turn stimulate the gonads?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior pituitary and is involved in regulating sleep cycles?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is involved in the regulation of basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis?

    <p>Thyroxine (T4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prolactin in the body?

    <p>Stimulation of milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of testosterone in the testes?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of vasopressor actions of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on vascular smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is involved in the regulation of water reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of oxytocin on uterine smooth muscle cells during late pregnancy?

    <p>It becomes more sensitive to oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormones are found only in animals and not in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart produces a hormone that regulates body fluid volume and blood pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormones are secreted only by endocrine glands.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All hormones are amino acid derivatives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leptin is produced by the placenta.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormones are not essential for our everyday survival and control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tyrosine is used to synthesize Melatonin hormone

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Catecholamines regulate metabolism in the body

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dopamine stimulates the release of certain anterior pituitary hormones

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothalamus is part of the peripheral nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The portal circulation connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP) is produced by the pituitary gland

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the maturation of eggs in the ovaries and sperm in the testes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Humoral regulation involves changes in hormone levels that initiate or inhibit the secretion of another hormone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Growth hormone is a peptide hormone

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a small peptide hormone released by the pituitary gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The negative feedback loop is involved in the regulation of hormone release from the adrenal glands.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autocrine control system involves the release of hormones that affect nearby cells or the same cell that produced the hormone.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhibiting gonadal function is a primary function of oxytocin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothalamic-anterior pituitary pathway regulates the release of insulin from the pancreas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) are synthesized in the hypothalamus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FSH stimulates the production of testosterone in the testes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adrenal glands produce only glucocorticoids (cortisol).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior pituitary synthesizes and stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The risk of thyroid cancer increases 100 times due to autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Addison's Disease is characterized by high cortisol levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 1 diabetes can be managed with diet and exercise alone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cut point for diagnosing diabetes is an HbA1c level of ≥5.5%.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microvascular complications of diabetes include Myocardial Infarction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 1 Diabetes typically has a late onset.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Hormones are classified into two categories: non-steroid hormones, which are amino acid derivatives, peptides, or proteins, and steroid hormones, which are lipid-soluble and derived from cholesterol.

    • Non-steroid hormones are water-soluble, lipid-insoluble, and cannot pass through the cell membrane, so they act through second messengers, binding to receptors on cell membranes.

    • Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, can pass through the cell membrane directly, and enter the cell, triggering transcription of target genes to mRNA, which directs protein synthesis.

    • Endocrine control systems involve autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine regulation of hormone release, which can be influenced by humoral, hormonal, or neural factors.

    • The hypothalamus-pituitary axis is a key component of the endocrine system, with the hypothalamus controlling the release of hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary.

    • The hypothalamus produces several releasing hormones, including thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulate the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), respectively.

    • The pituitary gland produces several hormones, including TSH, ACTH, growth hormone (GH), FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL), which regulate various physiological processes.

    • The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which increase basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis, and regulate sympathetic nerve activity.

    • The adrenal glands produce glucocorticoids (cortisol), which regulate metabolism, and aldosterone, which is involved in osmoregulation.

    • The gonads (ovaries and testes) produce sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen, which regulate reproductive processes.

    • The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels.

    • Steroid hormones have a longer half-life than non-steroid hormones due to their complex structure with transport proteins.

    • Endocrinology is the study of hormones, which are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to have an effect on other parts of the body.

    • Hormones are essential for everyday survival and control various physiological processes, including temperature, sleep, mood, appetite, metabolism, growth, puberty, fertility, and bone growth.

    • The main endocrine glands include the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Endocrinology Surrey 2024.ppt

    Description

    Test your knowledge of steroid hormones, including their derivation from cholesterol, types such as testosterone and estrogen, and their role in osmoregulation and metabolism. Learn about how they interact with transport proteins and their properties in the bloodstream.

    More Like This

    Hormone Interactions and Regulation
    10 questions

    Hormone Interactions and Regulation

    SupremeEiffelTower avatar
    SupremeEiffelTower
    Hormone Regulation and Function
    10 questions

    Hormone Regulation and Function

    SpiritualBaritoneSaxophone avatar
    SpiritualBaritoneSaxophone
    Thyroid Hormone Regulation
    24 questions

    Thyroid Hormone Regulation

    TrendyAcademicArt avatar
    TrendyAcademicArt
    Function of Thyroid Hormone Regulation
    25 questions

    Function of Thyroid Hormone Regulation

    GreatestAltoFlute avatar
    GreatestAltoFlute
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser