AFA Chapter 15

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What type of fluids can be used if water is not available for a patient with heat-related illness?

Beverages

IV fluids

Electrolyte-replacement beverages

All of the above (correct)

Why is electrolyte replacement particularly important for patients with heat cramps?

To replenish lost electrolytes (correct)

To prevent dehydration

To lower body temperature

To reduce muscle contractions

What is the recommended action for caring for a patient with heat stroke?

Immerse the body in hot water

Apply heating pads to affected areas

Encourage physical activity to generate heat

Immerse as much of the body in cold water as possible (correct)

Which symptom is associated with heat exhaustion?

Weak pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of heat cramps?

Muscle contractions Signup and view all the answers

Why is caution advised for rapid transport in cases of heat-related illnesses?

To minimize further complications Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of mild hypothermia?

Vigorous shivering Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a hypothermic patient's clothing is very wet and shelter or transport is less than 30 minutes away?

Blot the skin without removing clothing Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates moderate hypothermia?

Weak and intermittent shivering Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken for a patient with severe hypothermia?

Handle the patient gently and keep him or her horizontal Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when drying a hypothermic patient's skin?

Rubbing the skin vigorously Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may be present in a patient with severe hypothermia?

Stiffening of body tissues and unresponsiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is the human body's normal core temperature?

37°C Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain controls thermoregulation in the body?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What does the body primarily convert into energy to generate heat?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which response helps the body lose heat when it is too warm?

Vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

Apart from exercising, what other mechanism can produce heat in the body?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental stressor might cause illnesses while scuba diving?

High barometric pressure Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a patient is responsive but suspected of having severe hypothermia?

Check pulse and respiration for 60 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for a patient with mild hypothermia who is cold-stressed but not hypothermic?

Insulate with a vapour barrier Signup and view all the answers

In case a cold-stressed patient shows signs of moderate hypothermia with no breathing, what action should be taken?

Start CPR immediately Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient is cold and unresponsive, showing signs of severe hypothermia?

Reduce heat loss by adding dry clothing Signup and view all the answers

Which action is recommended for a patient with severe hypothermia and no obvious vital signs?

Start CPR immediately Signup and view all the answers

When handling a patient with mild hypothermia who is cold-stressed but not hypothermic, what should be avoided?

Rapid transportation if no improvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of an arterial gas embolism (AGE) according to the text?

Rapid gas expansion within the lung due to restricted air escape during ascent Signup and view all the answers

What are common signs and symptoms of an arterial gas embolism (AGE) as mentioned in the text?

Headaches, seizures, and confusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for arterial gas embolism (AGE) as per the text?

Providing supplemental high-concentration oxygen and rapid transportation to a medical facility Signup and view all the answers

What should a pilot flying a patient with arterial gas embolism (AGE) do according to the text?

Fly at an altitude of 305 metres (1,000 feet) or less Signup and view all the answers

How can arterial gas embolism (AGE) be best prevented based on the text?

Ascending with a closed glottis Signup and view all the answers

When should it be assumed that a diver has suffered from an arterial gas embolism (AGE) according to the text?

If they lose responsiveness within 10 minutes after surfacing Signup and view all the answers