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Questions and Answers
What is a major concern when administering chemotherapy to a patient with anemia?
What is a major concern when administering chemotherapy to a patient with anemia?
Which electrolyte abnormality is expected 24 to 48 hours after chemotherapy treatment due to tumor lysis syndrome?
Which electrolyte abnormality is expected 24 to 48 hours after chemotherapy treatment due to tumor lysis syndrome?
What is one of the primary symptoms of SIADH that requires immediate correction?
What is one of the primary symptoms of SIADH that requires immediate correction?
What is the appropriate management for spinal cord compression caused by a tumor?
What is the appropriate management for spinal cord compression caused by a tumor?
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In the management of burn victims, what action is critical if burns are present in the mouth and throat?
In the management of burn victims, what action is critical if burns are present in the mouth and throat?
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Which symptoms are common in patients with neurogenic shock due to T6 and above injuries?
Which symptoms are common in patients with neurogenic shock due to T6 and above injuries?
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What is a critical respiratory consideration for injuries at the C3 to C5 level?
What is a critical respiratory consideration for injuries at the C3 to C5 level?
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What is a likely complication of severe abdominal trauma?
What is a likely complication of severe abdominal trauma?
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What should be done with an impaled object in abdominal trauma?
What should be done with an impaled object in abdominal trauma?
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What is the primary treatment for tension pneumothorax?
What is the primary treatment for tension pneumothorax?
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What can be a sign of compartment syndrome in long bone fractures?
What can be a sign of compartment syndrome in long bone fractures?
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Which psychological issue is frequently associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Which psychological issue is frequently associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
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What is a possible indicator of rhabdomyolysis related to significant muscle injury?
What is a possible indicator of rhabdomyolysis related to significant muscle injury?
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What should be done if a person is stung by a bee?
What should be done if a person is stung by a bee?
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What is the first step to take in case of poisoning?
What is the first step to take in case of poisoning?
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Which of the following is not a recommended action for an opioid overdose?
Which of the following is not a recommended action for an opioid overdose?
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What typically causes secondary injuries in spinal cord trauma?
What typically causes secondary injuries in spinal cord trauma?
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What is a key indicator of spinal shock?
What is a key indicator of spinal shock?
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In cases of poisoning, when should charcoal not be administered?
In cases of poisoning, when should charcoal not be administered?
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Why is it critical to address ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) before other treatments in poisoning cases?
Why is it critical to address ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) before other treatments in poisoning cases?
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What function does the phrenic nerve serve in spinal cord injuries?
What function does the phrenic nerve serve in spinal cord injuries?
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What does an ESI level of 1 indicate?
What does an ESI level of 1 indicate?
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What is the first priority in the primary survey?
What is the first priority in the primary survey?
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What is a key treatment step for someone experiencing heat stroke?
What is a key treatment step for someone experiencing heat stroke?
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In trauma care, when should uncontrolled circulation issues be addressed?
In trauma care, when should uncontrolled circulation issues be addressed?
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What is an important sign to monitor for in a dehydrated patient suffering from heat stroke?
What is an important sign to monitor for in a dehydrated patient suffering from heat stroke?
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What is indicated by a lactate level greater than 4?
What is indicated by a lactate level greater than 4?
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What complication is associated with severe sepsis affecting the respiratory system?
What complication is associated with severe sepsis affecting the respiratory system?
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What should be done first when treating hypothermia?
What should be done first when treating hypothermia?
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Why is drowning in cold water seen as potentially less severe than drowning in warm water?
Why is drowning in cold water seen as potentially less severe than drowning in warm water?
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What should be monitored closely in patients with neutropenia?
What should be monitored closely in patients with neutropenia?
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What is a key sign that antibiotic therapy may be too late in an infection?
What is a key sign that antibiotic therapy may be too late in an infection?
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What is a common concern associated with cat bites?
What is a common concern associated with cat bites?
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What should not be done when treating a drowning victim?
What should not be done when treating a drowning victim?
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What is the primary treatment for hypercalcemia in cancer patients?
What is the primary treatment for hypercalcemia in cancer patients?
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In which circumstance should prophylactic antibiotics be administered?
In which circumstance should prophylactic antibiotics be administered?
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What condition can hypothermia cause due to thickened blood?
What condition can hypothermia cause due to thickened blood?
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Study Notes
Environmental Emergencies
- Heat Stroke vs. Heat Exhaustion: Heat stroke is worse; victims cannot sweat.
- Treating Heat Stroke: Lower core temperature using cold water immersion, ice packs, and fluids. Monitor temperature and heart rhythm. Prevent shivering. Monitor urine output; tea-colored urine indicates dehydration.
- Hypothermia: Thickens blood, increasing risk of clots, heart attacks, and pulmonary embolisms. Remove cold clothes and use warm blankets, warm drinks, and active warming measures. Passive warming, like warm blankets and a warm room, is also important. Maintain body temperature between 86-90 degrees. Monitor ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), cardiac function, and urine output due to dehydration.
- Cold Water/Warm Water Drowning: Cold water slows down the body, increasing the chance of rescue. Injuries include pulmonary edema and ARDS. Treatment includes a cervical collar and immediate attention to ABCs. Treat with oxygen and active warming.
Bites
- Cat bites are dangerous due to deep puncture wounds and potential infection. Prophylactic antibiotics are crucial.
- Dog bites can involve larger areas and cause more extensive issues. Puncture wounds around joints or hands/feet require antibiotics within 6- to 12-hours. Rabies prevention is crucial, especially for wild animals.
Stings
- Remove the stinger with a flat object or blade. Check for allergies and administer epinephrine, antihistamines, and steroids. Remove constricting items (rings, watches).
Poisoning
- Decontaminate the victim by brushing off powders before a shower. Administering fluids is important if the patient is having respiratory or cardiac issues. Call poison control for details and direction. Charcoal binds to toxins and can be administered orally. Avoid charcoal for bowel obstructions or issues.
Opioid Overdose
- Symptoms include pinpoint pupils, loss of consciousness, respiratory depression, seizures, and hypoxia. Administer Narcan and monitor ABCs.
Spinal Cord Injuries
- Injuries are more concerning if not outwardly evident. Edema and ischemia are potential problems. Monitoring for respiratory (C3-C5) and neurogenic (T6 and above) issues are crucial. Watch pupils and breathing during treatment. Ensure proper positioning and bladder care.
Trauma
- Tension pneumothorax is deadly and requires immediate needle decompression and chest tube placement. Monitor breathing and cardiac function; address tracheal deviation. Flail chest (multiple broken ribs) is a major concern. Pneumo and flail chest are identified by the observation of outward and inward movements of the chest.
- Abdominal injuries: Do not remove impaled objects; stabilize the patient, monitor ABCs, and seek professional help.
Burns
- Intubation (trachael or endotracheal) is critical for mouth and throat issues during burns. Burns require immediate hydration; the Parkland formula provides estimates.
TBI
- Can be long term. Getting good sleep, being on a routine, and recognizing triggers can help manage PTSD related issues. Support groups and avoiding things that cause symptoms (cold or cough medicine, alcohol) are important parts of management.
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Description
Test your knowledge on environmental emergencies including heat stroke, hypothermia, and drowning. Learn about their treatments and the importance of monitoring vital signs. Prepare to understand the critical differences and emergency responses for each condition.
