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Questions and Answers
What is the primary treatment method for heat stroke?
What is the primary treatment method for heat stroke?
Which symptom is indicative of dehydration associated with heat stroke?
Which symptom is indicative of dehydration associated with heat stroke?
What is a key characteristic of hypothermia?
What is a key characteristic of hypothermia?
What is the desired temperature range for a person before declaring time of death in a hypothermia case?
What is the desired temperature range for a person before declaring time of death in a hypothermia case?
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Why is drowning in cold water considered safer than drowning in warm water?
Why is drowning in cold water considered safer than drowning in warm water?
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Which type of wound is most concerning when caused by a cat bite?
Which type of wound is most concerning when caused by a cat bite?
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What precaution should be taken with puncture wounds that are 6 to 12 hours old?
What precaution should be taken with puncture wounds that are 6 to 12 hours old?
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Rabies most commonly comes from which type of animals?
Rabies most commonly comes from which type of animals?
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What is a dangerous consequence of chemotherapy that can lead to metabolic acidosis within 24 to 48 hours?
What is a dangerous consequence of chemotherapy that can lead to metabolic acidosis within 24 to 48 hours?
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Which condition is characterized by excessive water gain and a sodium level under 125?
Which condition is characterized by excessive water gain and a sodium level under 125?
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What should be monitored for when a patient is at risk for tumor lysis syndrome following chemotherapy?
What should be monitored for when a patient is at risk for tumor lysis syndrome following chemotherapy?
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In cases of spinal cord compression, what symptom typically begins when the patient is supine?
In cases of spinal cord compression, what symptom typically begins when the patient is supine?
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What treatment step is crucial for a burn patient showing signs of airway distress due to throat swelling?
What treatment step is crucial for a burn patient showing signs of airway distress due to throat swelling?
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What is the first step in managing a sting from an insect?
What is the first step in managing a sting from an insect?
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When treating ingestion of poison, what should be done before administering a shower?
When treating ingestion of poison, what should be done before administering a shower?
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What symptom is indicative of opioid overdose?
What symptom is indicative of opioid overdose?
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Which type of spinal injury is more concerning due to the potential for long-term damage?
Which type of spinal injury is more concerning due to the potential for long-term damage?
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Which of the following describes spinal shock?
Which of the following describes spinal shock?
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What is the effect of edema on the spinal cord after an injury?
What is the effect of edema on the spinal cord after an injury?
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What immediate action should be taken when a patient is suspected of opioid overdose?
What immediate action should be taken when a patient is suspected of opioid overdose?
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When should activated charcoal be avoided?
When should activated charcoal be avoided?
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What is a common symptom of neurogenic shock in patients with T6 and above injuries?
What is a common symptom of neurogenic shock in patients with T6 and above injuries?
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Which cervical nerves are crucial for maintaining diaphragm function?
Which cervical nerves are crucial for maintaining diaphragm function?
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What serious condition can result from a T6 injury or above, characterized by severe headache and high blood pressure?
What serious condition can result from a T6 injury or above, characterized by severe headache and high blood pressure?
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What should be done with an impaled object in an abdominal injury?
What should be done with an impaled object in an abdominal injury?
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Which condition is associated with long bone fractures that can lead to severe complications?
Which condition is associated with long bone fractures that can lead to severe complications?
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What is a hallmark sign of tension pneumothorax?
What is a hallmark sign of tension pneumothorax?
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Which of the following symptoms is commonly linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
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What is an expected consequence of bradycardia in patients with injuries T6 and above?
What is an expected consequence of bradycardia in patients with injuries T6 and above?
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What is the first priority in the primary survey for trauma nursing?
What is the first priority in the primary survey for trauma nursing?
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What level of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) indicates the worst condition?
What level of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) indicates the worst condition?
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What is indicated by a lactate level greater than 4 in sepsis management?
What is indicated by a lactate level greater than 4 in sepsis management?
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Which of the following steps should NOT be taken when managing uncontrolled circulation?
Which of the following steps should NOT be taken when managing uncontrolled circulation?
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Why is there a need to watch for infections in patients with neutropenia?
Why is there a need to watch for infections in patients with neutropenia?
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What is the purpose of saline administration in a patient with hypercalcemia?
What is the purpose of saline administration in a patient with hypercalcemia?
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What is the initial action a nurse should take when recognizing signs of sepsis?
What is the initial action a nurse should take when recognizing signs of sepsis?
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Which of the following is a risk for patients experiencing paralytic ileus?
Which of the following is a risk for patients experiencing paralytic ileus?
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Study Notes
Environmental Emergencies
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Heat Stroke vs. Heat Exhaustion: Heat stroke is more severe; the body cannot sweat, unlike heat exhaustion.
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Treating Heat Stroke: Lower core temperature (cold water immersion if possible), ice packs, and cold fluids. Monitor temperature and dysrhythmias, and maintain oxygen levels (ABCs). Preventing shivering is important.
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Monitor Urine Output: Watch for tea-colored urine, which indicates dehydration.
Hypothermia
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Effects: Thickens blood, potentially causing clots and heart attacks/pulmonary emboli (PEs).
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Treatment: Remove cold clothes, apply warm blankets. Active warming (warm fluids, bear hugs) and passive warming (warm blankets) are necessary to bring body temperature to 86-90°F. Monitor ABCs, cardiac function, and urine output (for dehydration).
Drowning
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Cold Water Drowning: Drowning in cold water slows the body's functions increasing the possibility of reviving the patient.
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Drowning Injuries: Can lead to pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and surfactant and/or alveoli capillary membrane damage.
Bites
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Cat Bites: Puncture wounds, significant risk of infection. Prophylactic antibiotics are usually given.
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Dog Bites: More extensive injuries due to larger jaws and mouth size, risk of infection is higher in bites on hands/feet or joints. Antibiotics often necessary. Consider rabies vaccination status of the involved animal.
Stings
- Treatment: Remove the stinger using a flat object or blade; assess for allergies and administer epinephrine, antihistamine, and/or steroids as needed. Remove restrictive items like rings, watches, etc.
Poisoning
- Decontamination: Brush off any powder and shower the individual, immediately address any breathing or cardiac issues. Call poison control for proper treatment advice and steps, which may involve ingesting charcoal to bind toxins. Consider the ingestion method and any potential risks prior to using charcoal.
Opioid Overdose
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Symptoms: Pinpoint pupils, loss of consciousness, respiratory depression, seizures, and hypoxia.
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Treatment: Administer NARCAN (naloxone) and monitor ABCs.
Spinal Cord Injuries
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Common Causes: Traumatic injuries (often in car accidents)
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Secondary Injuries: Edema, ischemia (insufficient blood flow), and inflammation. Assess the area carefully for edema and/or pain, as these can impact prognosis and treatment.
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Spinal Shock: Loss of deep tendon reflexes and sphincter reflexes, immediate paralysis and loss of sensation below the injury site, which occurs shortly after the initial injury.
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Neurogenic Shock: T6 and above injuries, loss of sympathetic function, leading to decreased cardiac output and venous pooling, along with temperature regulation problems.
Burns
- Parkland Formula: A formula used to calculate fluid resuscitation in severe burns.
- Intubation: Required often in cases of breathing issues related to burn injuries specifically those of the mouth, airway, or throat and can be life threatening.
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Description
Test your knowledge on environmental emergencies including heat stroke, hypothermia, and drowning. This quiz covers treatments, monitoring techniques, and the effects of extreme weather conditions on the human body. Prepare to identify key factors in recognizing and responding to these critical situations.
