Spectro Lab Analysis Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the optical emission spectrometer in steel making processes?

To provide rapid elemental analysis of solid metal samples (correct)

To enhance communication within the working teams

To measure the temperature of the furnace

To conduct hydrogen testing

Which of the following is NOT listed as an advantage of the optical emission spectrometer?

Stability and accuracy

High operational cost (correct)

Low detection limits

Robustness and reliability

What principle does the hydrogen testing machine operate on?

Magnetic resonance

Thermal conductivity

Optical emission spectroscopy

Wheatstone bridge (correct)

In the Wheatstone bridge setup, what is used to achieve balance?

Three resistors with known resistances Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does PLC (Programmable Logic Control) provide in manufacturing?

Streamlined workflow automation Signup and view all the answers

What process is distinctive about the Electric Arc Furnace?

It melts charge through direct exposure to an electric arc Signup and view all the answers

Which component is critical for the normal operation of the Hydrogen Testing Machine?

Anhydrone Signup and view all the answers

What was emphasized as an area for deeper learning if time permitted during the internship?

CNC programming Signup and view all the answers

How does nitrogen gas contribute to the operation of the hydrogen testing machine?

It serves as a carrier gas for the hydrogen measurement Signup and view all the answers

What interesting aspect was observed in the long forging machine?

It has the capacity to plastically deform axles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of testing samples in the spectro lab?

To determine the composition of various metal constituents Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is specifically mentioned as being used for testing in the spectro lab?

ARL Metal Analyzer (M-402 optical emission spectrometer) Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the generation of a discharge plasma in optical emission spectrometry?

Creating a spark between tungsten electrodes and metal sample Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is used to create an inert atmosphere during the testing process?

Argon Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of photo multiplier tubes in the spectro lab?

To detect and measure the intensity of emission spectra Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when the electrons in the metal sample are excited?

They create a unique emission spectrum specific to each element Signup and view all the answers

How does the intensity of each emission spectrum relate to the sample being tested?

It depends on the concentration of the element in the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the diffraction grating in the optical emission spectrometry process?

It splits the light to extract the emission spectrum for target elements Signup and view all the answers

What material is used for the electrodes in the optical emission spectrometry process?

Tungsten Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of processing the spark pulse generated emission spectra?

Performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Spectro Lab

Sample testing for wheel manufacture happens in the spectro lab
Solidified metal samples are obtained from electric arc furnaces
Composition of various metal constituents is determined
ARL Metal Analyzer (M-402 optical emission spectrometer) is used
Optical emission spectrometry uses electrical energy to spark between an electrode (tungsten) and a metal sample
Vaporized atoms are excited within a discharge plasma
Polished samples are placed between tungsten electrodes and an arc is struck
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is used for excitation discharge
Spark discharge, direct current arc discharge, or glow discharge are used to create an excitation discharge
A unique emission spectrum specific to each element is created by excited atoms and ions within the discharge plasma
The light generated by the discharge is split by diffraction grating
Emission spectrum for target elements is extracted
Intensity of each emission spectrum correlates with element concentration in the sample
Detectors (photomultiplier tubes) detect the presence or absence of spectrum
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the elements is then performed based on detected intensities
Element concentration in the sample is displayed

Element Compositions (Spectro Lab)

Carbon
Manganese
Silicon
Phosphorous
Sulphur
Chromium
Nickel
Copper
Molybdenum
Aluminum
Vanadium
Lead
Titanium
Tin

Advantages and Benefits of Spectro Lab

Stability, accuracy, precision, and low detection limits
Robustness and reliability
Easy integration to increase productivity

Hydrogen Testing Machine

Measures presence of hydrogen and other gases
Uses a Wheatstone bridge
Electrical circuit with four resistors (three known) to find unknown resistance
Ratio of opposite resistances equals at the point of balance
Nitrogen gas constantly supplied for equal resistance in all arms
Gas passes through Anhydrone (desiccant)
Constant rate of hydrogen diffusion determined based on normal distribution

Conclusion (Internship)

Internship provided opportunity to implement theoretical concepts on a large scale
Learned technical concepts and machine equipment
Communication and connectivity of workflows within RWF was insightful
RWF uses PLC (95%) and CNC (advanced processes)
More time would have allowed for a greater understanding of CNC programming and PLC logic.
Experience with Long Forging Machine was fascinating
Electric Arc Furnace (Wheel Shop) was interesting due to the direct exposure to electric arc for melting
Magnaglo testing was noted as well
EOT (Electrical Overhead Travelling Crane) use in manufacturing process was essential and insightful.

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Description

Explore the processes and techniques used in metal sample testing at the Spectro Lab. This quiz covers the use of optical emission spectrometry, including the equipment involved and the principles of exciting atoms for composition analysis. Test your knowledge on various discharge methods and their applications in metallurgy.