Optical Emission Spectrometry Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which element is NOT included in the listed compositions for analysis?

Copper

Vanadium

Aluminum

Iron (correct)

What is one of the main advantages of using an optical emission spectrometer?

High cost in operation

Stability and low detection limits (correct)

Slow analysis time

Dependence on manual calibration

Which principle does the hydrogen testing machine primarily rely on?

Ohm's law

Kirchhoff's laws

Circuit theory

Wheatstone bridge (correct)

What primary gas is supplied for maintaining resistance in the Wheatstone bridge circuit?

Nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

In what percentage does RWF utilize PLC technology?

95% Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Electric Arc Furnace?

It distinguishes itself by directly exposing the charge to an electric arc. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT highlighted as an interesting concept in the Wheel Shop?

Hydrogen Testing Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the Long Forging Machine was specifically noted?

Capacity to plastically deform the axle Signup and view all the answers

What could have enhanced learning about CNC according to the internship conclusion?

Detailed study of CNC programming Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the optical emission spectrometer contributes to its reliability?

Robustness Signup and view all the answers

What role does the tungsten electrode play in the optical emission spectrometry process?

It helps to generate the discharge plasma by applying electrical energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ARL Metal Analyzer (M-402)?

To determine the composition of metal constituents in a sample. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of atmosphere is required during the spark discharge analysis in optical emission spectrometry?

An argon atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

How does optical emission spectrometry create a unique spectrum for each element?

Each element generates numerous characteristic emission spectral lines. Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by photo multiplier tubes in the spectrometry process?

The presence or absence of emission spectra and their intensity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the excitation source used in the ARL Metal Analyzer?

It employs inductively coupled plasma for electron excitation. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the intensity of each emission spectrum in optical emission spectrometry?

The concentration of the element in the sample. Signup and view all the answers

What does the statistical processing of spark pulse generated emission spectra achieve?

It aids in qualitative and quantitative analysis of the elements. Signup and view all the answers

What type of discharge methods can be used for generating excitation in optical emission spectrometry?

Any method including spark, direct current arc, or glow discharge can be used. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to vaporized atoms in the discharge plasma during optical emission spectrometry?

They are excited to a high energy state. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Spectro Lab

Sample testing for wheel manufacture is performed at the spectro lab.
Solidified metal samples are obtained from electric arc furnaces to determine the composition.
ARL Metal Analyzer (M-402 optical emission spectrometer) is used for analysis.

Optical Emission Spectrometry (Principle)

Applying electrical energy (spark) between an electrode and metal sample vaporizes atoms.
Vaporized atoms are excited to a high energy state in a plasma.

Optical Emission Spectrometry (Working)

Polished sample placed between tungsten electrodes.
Arc is struck, exciting electrons.
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) can be used as an excitation source.
Spark discharge, direct current arc discharge or glow discharge can excite atoms in a sample
Spark discharges in an inert (argon) atmosphere is used.
Excited atoms and ions (in plasma) produce unique spectra of light.
This light is analysed by a diffraction grating to isolate emissions.
Spectrum intensity relates to element concentration.
Photomultiplier tubes measure spectrum intensity.

Element Composition Analysis

Various elements are detected: including Carbon, Manganese, Silicon, Phosphorous, Sulphur, Chromium, Nickel, Copper, Molybdenum, Aluminum, Vanadium, Lead, and Titanium, and Tin.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis is performed on sample composition
Element concentration in the sample is displayed.

Advantages of the Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES)

High stability, accuracy, precision, and low detection limits.
Robustness and reliability
Easy integration and increased productivity.

Hydrogen Testing Machine

Measures hydrogen and supplementary gases.
Uses a Wheatstone bridge circuit to measure unknown electrical resistance.
Three known resistors and an unknown resister in the circuit.
Nitrogen gas is constantly supplied in a balance to the resistances.
Constant rate of hydrogen diffusion is determined using Anhydrone.

Conclusion of Internship

Internship provided opportunity to implement theoretical concepts
Work flow in RWF was thought provoking.
95% of processes used PLC and advanced ones, CNC.
Learning more details of CNC programming and PLC logic was observed to be possible.
Long Forging Machine, Electric Arc Furnace, and magnaglo testing processes were studied.
EOTs (Electrical Overhead Travelling Cranes) were essential tools and the understanding of mechanisms a positive experience.

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Description

Explore the principles and working mechanisms of optical emission spectrometry used in metal sample analysis. This quiz covers the techniques employed, the role of the ARL Metal Analyzer, and the generation of unique light spectra from excited atoms. Test your knowledge on how these processes contribute to material composition determination.