Metal Analysis using OES Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the spectro lab?

To manufacture wheels directly

To analyze the composition of metal samples (correct)

To create electric arc furnaces

To conduct research on tungsten electrodes

Which instrument is used for testing the metal samples?

ARL Metal Analyzer (M-402) (correct)

Infrared Spectrophotometer

Gas Chromatograph

Mass Spectrometer

Which element is NOT listed among the acquired element compositions?

Copper

Silicon

Titanium

Boron (correct)

What phenomenon is employed to excite the electrons in the sample?

Arc discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main advantages of using an optical emission spectrometer?

Stability and low detection limits Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the hydrogen testing machine operate on?

Wheatstone bridge Signup and view all the answers

What atmosphere is used during the spark discharge process?

Argon Signup and view all the answers

How does the intensity of the emission spectrum correlate with the sample?

It depends on the concentration of the element in the sample. Signup and view all the answers

How does nitrogen gas contribute to the functioning of the hydrogen testing machine?

It is continuously supplied for consistent resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of PLC does RWF use in its processes?

95% Signup and view all the answers

What does the emission spectrum consist of?

A collection of spectral lines specific to each element Signup and view all the answers

What was noted as a fascinating machine during the internship?

Long Forging Machine Signup and view all the answers

What role do photo multiplier tubes play in the analysis?

They measure the presence and intensity of the spectrum. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of electrodes is involved in the optical emission spectrometry process?

Tungsten electrodes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Electric Arc Furnace from other furnaces?

The charge is directly exposed to an electric arc. Signup and view all the answers

What type of testing method is described as 'magnaglo testing'?

A non-destructive testing method Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the excitation source have on the metal sample?

It vaporizes the atoms for analysis. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process used in optical emission spectrometry?

Statistical processing of emission spectra from spark discharges Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the advanced processes used at RWF?

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the internship did the participants find thought-provoking?

The communication and connectivity of workflow Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Spectro Lab

The lab tests samples (solidified metal) obtained from an electric arc furnace to analyze metal composition.
ARL Metal Analyzer (M-402 optical emission spectrometer) is used for this analysis.

Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) Principle

OES applies electrical energy (spark) between electrodes (tungsten) and a metal sample.
This vaporizes atoms, bringing them to a high energy state (discharge plasma).
Excited atoms/ions in the plasma create unique emission spectra specific to each element.

Working of OES

Sample is placed between tungsten electrodes.
An electric arc is created, exciting electrons.
ICP (inductively coupled plasma) used as excitation source.
Spark, direct current arc, or glow discharge used to generate excitation.
Statistical processing of spark discharge spectra is done in an inert (argon) atmosphere.
Unique emission spectra are obtained.

Spectral Analysis

The emitted light is split by a diffraction grating.
This isolates spectral lines, extracting the emission spectrum of target elements.
Intensity of each element's emission spectrum is linked to its concentration in the sample.
Detectors (photomultiplier tubes) measure the presence/absence and intensity of the spectrum.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements is performed based on extracted data.

Elements Analyzed

Carbon
Manganese
Silicon
Phosphorous
Sulphur
Chromium
Nickel
Copper
Molybdenum
Aluminium
Vanadium
Lead
Titanium
Tin

Advantages of Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES)

High speed
High accuracy
High precision
Low detection limits
Easy integration and efficiency.

Hydrogen Testing Machine

Tests for hydrogen and other supplementary gases.
Based on Wheatstone bridge principle.
Measures unknown electrical resistance using known resistors.
Nitrogen gas maintained at constant rate for resistance equalization.
Hydrogen diffusion rate determined based on normal distribution within Anhydrone.

Conclusion - Internship

The internship focused on implementing theoretical concepts on a large scale.
Machine operation and work flow within RWF were emphasized.
RWF uses 95% programmable logic controllers (PLC) and advanced processes use computer numerical control (CNC).
Long forging machine's power drive and capacity/plastic deformation are noted.
Wheel shop's Electric Arc Furnace process is unique (direct arc exposure of charge).
Electromechanical overhead travelling cranes (EOTs) were helpful in applications and mechanical understanding.

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Description

Explore the principles and workings of Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) in analyzing metal compositions. This quiz covers the application of electrical energy in producing unique emission spectra and the processes involved in spectrochemical analysis. Test your knowledge of the technology and methodologies utilized in the metal testing process.