29 Questions
What is the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia?
Substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the hemoglobin molecule
What are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia?
Periodic sickle cell crises causing severe pain, fever, and swelling of the joints
What are the specific segments of DNA that contain information necessary to make one polypeptide chain called?
Genes
What are nucleotides?
Simple units or monomers of nucleic acids
What are the three components that nucleotides can be further hydrolyzed into?
- Nitrogen-containing base, 2) Five-carbon sugar, 3) Phosphoric acid
What is a nucleoside?
Combination of sugar and nitrogenous base
What are the two classes of nitrogen-containing bases in nucleic acids?
Purines and Pyrimidines
What is the pentose sugar in RNA and DNA?
Ribose in RNA and 2-deoxyribose in DNA
What is the function of phosphoric acid in nucleic acids?
It links nucleotides together in the nucleic acid chain.
What is the significance of 5’ and 3’ ends in nucleotides?
Phosphoric acid is esterified to the 5’ end of the pentose sugar, resulting in a negatively charged nucleotide.
What shorthand notations are used for nucleic acids?
- The first letter of the base may represent the nitrogenous base. 2) The prefix deoxy- is used to emphasize 2-deoxyribose. 3) Some books use -ic acid to name a nucleotide.
How did Watson and Crick describe the structure of DNA?
They proposed a double helix structure consisting of two helical polynucleotide chains coiled around the same axis.
What is the role of histones in DNA structure?
DNA wraps and folds around proteins called histones, allowing for reduction in DNA length.
What is the specific pairing in DNA based on?
Adenine bonding with thymine, and guanine bonding with cytosine.
How long is the DNA in each human cell?
About 2 meters
What did Watson and Crick determine in 1953?
They determined the structure of DNA.
What is the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia?
Substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the hemoglobin molecule
What is the role of nucleotides in nucleic acids?
They are the building blocks or monomers of nucleic acids
What are the specific segments of DNA that contain information necessary to make one polypeptide chain called?
Genes
What are nucleosides?
Combinations of sugar and nitrogenous base
What is the significance of 5’ and 3’ ends in nucleotides?
They determine the sequence of nitrogen-containing bases
What is the composition of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides joined together, consisting of nitrogen-containing base, five-carbon sugar, and phosphoric acid
Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in DNA?
Cytosine
What is the sugar component of DNA nucleotides?
Deoxyribose
Which component links nucleotides together in a nucleic acid chain?
Phosphoric Acid
What is the bond between the sugar and the nitrogenous base in nucleic acids called?
Beta Linkage
Which positions in the furanose ring are designated by prime numbers to differentiate from positions in the nitrogenous base for both RNA and DNA?
1', 2', 3'
What do Watson and Crick's proposed structure of DNA consist of?
Double helix
What specific bases will pair with each other in a DNA strand through hydrogen bonding?
Adenine with thymine
Test your knowledge of sickle cell anemia, an inherited disease affecting red blood cells. Learn about the error in the gene for hemoglobin, its molecular basis, and the resulting symptoms.
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