Standard 7: Science and Technology Electric Energy
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Standard 7: Science and Technology Electric Energy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of electricity generation mentioned in the content?

  • Geothermal energy
  • Solar panels
  • Wind turbines
  • Ocean waves (correct)

    • Electricity can only be generated from waterfalls.

    False

    What natural phenomenon is utilized to generate electric energy in the content?

    Water currents caused by ocean tides

    The generator plant that uses water currents operates on a similar principle to that of generating electricity from a __________.

    <p>waterfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Generator = A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy Water currents = Movement of water that can be harnessed for energy Ocean tides = Rise and fall of sea levels caused by lunar gravitational pull Electricity = A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of geothermal energy?

    <p>Hot magma in underground rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy is a non-renewable energy source.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to generate electricity from geothermal energy?

    <p>A turbine and high-pressure steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy can cause water to shoot out of the earth's surface as __________.

    <p>steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes how water waves can generate electricity?

    <p>By converting the movement of waves into mechanical movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one potential impact on living organisms if they enter the turbine area.

    <p>They could be harmed or killed by the turbine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hot water and steam in geothermal energy come from ___________ rocks.

    <p>underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their uses in electricity generation:

    <p>Turbine = Converts steam energy to mechanical energy High-pressure steam = Drives the turbine Magma = Source of heat for geothermal energy Wire mesh = Prevents organisms from entering turbine area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of renewable energy mentioned?

    <p>Fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Manufacturing and installation costs of renewable energy plants are high.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two advantages of using renewable energy.

    <p>Sustainability and reduced environmental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy harnesses the heat from __________ rocks.

    <p>underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following renewable energy sources with their characteristics:

    <p>Solar energy = Energy from the sun's rays Wind energy = Energy derived from wind motion Ocean waves = Energy generated from the movement of water waves Geothermal energy = Energy sourced from Earth's internal heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of geothermal energy?

    <p>Heat from the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy can be depleted like fossil fuels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to steam after it runs the turbine in a geothermal power plant?

    <p>The steam cools, changes into liquid, and returns back to the earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is responsible for converting mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

    <p>generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of a geothermal power plant with their functions:

    <p>Turbine = Runs on steam to produce electricity Generator = Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy Pump = Returns condensed water to the ground Electric cables = Distributes electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using geothermal energy for electricity generation?

    <p>It is renewable and sustainable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of geothermal energy?

    <p>It is found only in certain areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electric poles are used to store geothermal energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Renewable energy sources are derived from non-sustainable materials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electric cables in a geothermal power plant?

    <p>To distribute electricity generated by the geothermal power plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two sources of renewable energy.

    <p>Wind energy, solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The initial costs of renewable energy installations are often considered _______.

    <p>high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sources of renewable energy with their descriptions:

    <p>Hydropower = Energy from water Solar energy = Energy from sunlight Wind energy = Energy from wind Geothermal energy = Energy from earth's heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of renewable energy?

    <p>Low energy output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrical energy can be generated from biogas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sources of electricity derived from water are _____, _____, and _____.

    <p>hydropower, waves, tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes water waves in oceans and lakes?

    <p>Wind friction on the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High tide is when water moves away from the shoreline.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the gravitational pull of the moon and ocean tides?

    <p>The gravitational pull of the moon causes the rise and fall of water levels, resulting in ocean tides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of water closer to the shoreline is known as __________.

    <p>high tide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Low Tide = Water moving away from the shoreline High Tide = Water moving closer to the shoreline Wave Energy = Energy produced from water waves Tide = The regular rise and fall of water levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy can be generated from tides?

    <p>Mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tides may produce both waves and currents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the floating plant that generates electricity from water waves?

    <p>Water wave energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plant is located in an area with ______ waves as they approach the shoreline.

    <p>large</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions in generating electricity:

    <p>Turbines = Convert mechanical energy to electrical energy Generators = Convert rotational energy into electricity Wave energy = Source of mechanical energy Floating plant = Facility to generate energy from water waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action causes the turbines in a floating plant to rotate?

    <p>Water oscillating due to waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oscillation of water is not necessary for the operation of the turbines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of using wave energy for electricity generation.

    <p>Renewable source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tides are involved in generating electricity in a tidal power plant?

    <p>High tide and low tide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electricity generated from water waves and currents is considered non-renewable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one environmental advantage of generating electricity from water waves and currents.

    <p>It does not produce harmful gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a high tide, water flows out of the ocean and passes through the __________ before entering the dam.

    <p>turbines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the advantages of tidal power generation with their descriptions:

    <p>Always available = Provides a steady source of electricity Renewable = Utilizes natural tidal forces Environmentally friendly = Does not produce harmful gases Not widely used = Limited adoption in many countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of tidal power generation?

    <p>It is not used in most countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water currents from the ocean can rotate turbines even when water flows back to the ocean during low tide.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the electricity generated from ocean currents to be always available?

    <p>A large water reserving dam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms of energy are involved in the operation of a geothermal power plant?

    <p>Thermal energy and mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy can be depleted and is considered a non-renewable energy source.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the generator in a geothermal power plant?

    <p>To convert mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cool steam from the turbine changes into __________ and returns to the earth.

    <p>liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of a geothermal power plant with their functions:

    <p>Turbine = Converts steam energy into mechanical energy Generator = Produces electricity Pump = Returns water to the ground Electric poles = Distributes electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of geothermal energy?

    <p>It is renewable and sustainable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electric cables are used in geothermal power plants to transport steam.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The steam produced in a geothermal power plant is pumped out through a pipe for __________.

    <p>allowing steam out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of renewable energy?

    <p>It can be replenished naturally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The manufacturing and installation costs of renewable energy plants are high.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using geothermal energy for electricity generation?

    <p>It provides a constant and reliable energy source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrical energy from wind is generated by the movement of __________.

    <p>air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following renewable energy sources with their examples:

    <p>Solar Energy = Solar panels Wind Energy = Wind turbines Hydroelectric Energy = Dams Geothermal Energy = Hot springs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a source of renewable energy?

    <p>Water waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy is derived from the heat found in underground rocks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one advantage of using renewable energy sources.

    <p>Sustainability over long periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ point of a wave is called the crest.

    <p>highest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following energy sources with their characteristics:

    <p>Solar energy = Energy from sunlight Wind energy = Energy from moving air Geothermal energy = Energy from heat in the earth Hydro energy = Energy from flowing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy can be generated from both water waves and currents?

    <p>Mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High tide occurs when water moves towards the shoreline.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one factor that influences the amount of wave energy produced near the shoreline.

    <p>The proximity of ocean waves to the shoreline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plant used to generate electricity from water waves is equipped with __________ and generators.

    <p>turbines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the tides with their descriptions:

    <p>Low tide = Water recedes away from the shoreline High tide = Water rises towards the shoreline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural forces are responsible for water waves used for electricity generation?

    <p>Gravitational attraction between the earth and the moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water wave energy can be harnessed without the need for an ocean.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action causes the turbines in the floating plant to rotate?

    <p>The oscillation of water waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the turbine in a geothermal power plant?

    <p>To generate electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy is considered a renewable energy source.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to steam after it runs through the turbine in a geothermal power plant?

    <p>It cools, changes into liquid, and returns to the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The geothermal system includes a __________ that is responsible for pumping water back to the ground.

    <p>pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of a geothermal power plant with their functions:

    <p>Turbine = Converts steam energy into mechanical energy Generator = Produces electricity from mechanical energy Pump = Returns water to the ground Electric poles = Distributes electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of geothermal energy?

    <p>It can be depleted if mismanaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electric cables are used to store electricity generated from geothermal energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of steam used in geothermal energy production?

    <p>Hot water from the earth's crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of renewable energy?

    <p>High installation costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy is primarily derived from solar power.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two sources of renewable energy.

    <p>Wind energy, solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrical energy derived from water is obtained from _____ and _____.

    <p>waterfalls, dams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following renewable energy sources with their descriptions:

    <p>Hydropower = Energy generated from moving water Wind energy = Energy produced from high-speed wind Solar energy = Energy harnessed from sunlight Geothermal energy = Energy sourced from Earth's heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of geothermal energy?

    <p>It can lead to land subsidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electricity generated from water waves is considered a renewable source.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial investment is generally associated with renewable energy plants?

    <p>High capital cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary component of a geothermal power plant that generates electricity?

    <p>Turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geothermal energy can be replenished faster than it is used.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural phenomenon is responsible for creating ocean waves?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hot water and steam used in geothermal energy come from __________ rocks.

    <p>magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following renewable energy sources with their characteristics:

    <p>Geothermal energy = Heat from the Earth Wave energy = Energy from ocean surface waves Tidal energy = Energy from the rise and fall of tides Solar energy = Energy from sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a potential impact on marine life from turbine installation?

    <p>Disruption of habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electricity can be generated from both water waves and ocean currents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial challenge associated with the installation of renewable energy plants?

    <p>High costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Generating Electricity from Ocean Waves

    • Ocean waves are caused by wind
    • Components of Ocean Wave Power Plant:
      • Turbine
      • Generator
      • Air intake and outlet

    Generating Electricity from Ocean Tides

    • Ocean tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun
    • Tides create water currents that can be used to generate electricity
    • The plant that generates electricity from tides works similarly to a hydroelectric plant
    • However, the intial cost to construct this type of plant is high
    • Safety measures are needed to prevent marine life from entering the turbine area

    Generating Electricity from Geothermal Energy

    • Geothermal energy comes from the heat of magma in underground rocks
    • Magma heats the surrounding rocks and groundwater
    • The heat is used to generate steam for power plants
    • Components of Geothermal Power Plant:
      • Turbine
      • Generator
      • Steam pump
      • Pipe for returning water to the ground
      • Pump for returning water to the ground
    • The cooled steam from the turbines is returned to the ground

    Advantages of Geothermal Energy

    • Geothermal electricity is renewable. It cannot be depleted because it is always replenished.
    • Geothermal power plants have low running costs

    Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy

    • The initial cost to manufacture and install a geothermal plant is high
    • Geothermal energy sources are only found in certain areas

    Advantages of Renewable Energy

    • Renewable energy is a better source of energy than non-renewable energy
    • It also has the advantage of being sustainable, meaning it comes from naturally replenishing sources
    • Hydropower from waterfalls and water stored in dams is cheaper due to the presence of sufficient water sources.
    • Electrical energy from ocean waves can be used at any time in countries with coastlines

    Disadvantages of Renewable Energy

    • Renewable energy involves large initial capital costs
    • It is dependent on the presence of natural resources, like the wind speed for wind power or water for hydropower

    Vocabulary

    • Geothermal: The heat in the underground rocks
    • Lava: Molten rock that reaches the earth's surface through cracks in rocks
    • Magma: Hot, molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface
    • Undulating motion: Up and down movement like the motion of waves
    • Wave crest: The highest point that a wave rises
    • Wave trough: The lowest point that a wave falls

    Water Waves

    • Water waves move horizontally but water molecules do not.
    • Wind causes waves by creating friction at the surface of the water.
    • Wave size depends on the wind speed.
    • The gravitational force between the earth and the moon causes water to move towards (high tide) and away from (low tide) the shore.

    Tides

    • Tides are the movement of water towards or away from the shoreline.
    • Tides create water currents.
    • Water currents generate mechanical energy.

    Tidal Power

    • Tidal power plants use the power of high and low tides to generate electricity. 
    • Water flows through turbines during high and low tides.
    • The turbines are connected to generators which produce electricity.
    • The location of power plants is crucial, they are placed in areas where waves are large.

    Advantages of Tidal Power

    • Always available if a large water reserve exists.
    • Renewable energy source.
    • Environmentally friendly.

    Geothermal Energy

    • The heat inside the rocks underground.
    • Geothermal energy can be used to generate electricity.

    How Geothermal Energy is Used to Generate Electricity

    • Steam from the earth’s core is used to rotate turbines.
    • The turbines power electric generators.

    Advantages of Geothermal Energy

    • Renewable energy resource.
    • Cannot be depleted.

    Renewable Energy 

    • Renewable energy sources include: wind, water waves, waterfalls, and geothermal energy.

    Non-Renewable Energy

    • Non-renewable energy sources are finite, their supply will run out over time.
    • Examples of non-renewable energy include fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.

    Advantages of Renewable Energy

    • Renewable energy sources are environmentally friendly.
    • They do not produce harmful greenhouse gases.

    Importance of Renewable Energy

    • Renewable energy is also known as sustainable energy.
    • It is a sustainable way of providing power without harming the environment.

    Ocean Waves and Energy

    • Ocean waves are generated by wind or the gravitational pull of the moon
    • Tides produce water currents, which are a type of mechanical energy
    • Wave energy is greater closer to the shoreline.
    • Ocean wave energy plants require turbines and generators
    • Turbines are rotated by air currents as waves pass
    • This rotation powers the generators to produce electricity
    • Environmental issues with ocean wave energy plants include possible damage to marine life if entry into turbine areas is not prevented

    Geothermal Energy

    • Geothermal energy comes from hot magma deep underground, where rocks and groundwater near magma heat up
    • Some areas have hot springs and geysers that release steam and hot water
    • Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source
    • Geothermal power plants use steam to power turbines which drive generators to create electricity
    • Steam is pumped from underground rocks back to the earth after cooling
    • Geothermal power plants are considered to have low running costs
    • Geothermal energy is not widely available, as it is only found in specific areas

    Renewable Energy Advantages

    • Sources are sustainable and cannot be depleted
    • Running costs of power plants are low

    Renewable Energy Disadvantages

    • High initial costs of manufacturing and installation
    • Reliance on the availability of natural resources, like strong wind or sufficient water

    Renewable Energy vs. Non-Renewable Energy

    • Renewable energy comes from natural sources that can be replenished
    • Non-renewable energy cannot be replenished at the rate it is used
    • Hydropower is a renewable energy source, while fossil fuels are non-renewable
    • Solar energy and geothermal energy both utilize natural resources to produce electricity, solar energy harnesses the sun's rays, while geothermal energy taps into the heat deep underground

    Renewable Energy as Sustainable Energy

    • Renewable energy is sustainable because it is derived from sources that are replenished naturally, ensuring long-term availability

    Exercise 3 Answers

    • Sources of renewable energy: hydropower, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy
    • Sources of electricity derived from water: ocean waves, waterfalls, tides
    • A power plant that does not use a turbine is a solar plant
    • Electrical energy is generated using oil and biogas only. FALSE
    • Renewable energy resources are derived from natural processes. TRUE
    • Water waves, waterfalls, and geothermal energy are some of the sources for generating electricity. TRUE
    • Manufacturing and installation costs of renewable energy plants are low. FALSE
    • Electrical energy from wind does not depend on the presence of high-speed wind. FALSE
    • Two advantages of renewable energy: Sustainable and environmentally friendly, Low running costs
    • Renewable energy is derived from continuous natural processes, like solar, wind, and water, and can be replenished over time. Non-renewable energy comes from finite sources, like oil and gas.
    • Solar energy uses solar panels to convert light into electricity, while geothermal energy uses steam from hot underground sources to turn turbines and generate electricity.
    • Renewable energy is often called sustainable energy because it comes from inexhaustible sources that can be used indefinitely.
    • The best source of electricity in a specific environment depends on the location's natural resources. If there is access to abundant sunlight, solar energy would be the most viable choice. Similarly, if there is access to strong wind, wind energy would be a suitable option.
    • Ocean wave energy offers several advantages, like the potential to generate substantial clean energy, and has a low carbon footprint. However, it is important to consider the environmental impacts, like the impact on marine life, when implementing such projects.

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