Anatomy LE 4: Urinary System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the renal capsule?

  • To facilitate the removal of waste products
  • To accumulate fatty tissue
  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To provide support to the renal parenchyma (correct)

    • What is perirenal fat also known as?

  • Renal fascia
  • Pararenal fat
  • Renal capsule
  • Perinephric fat (correct)

    • What determines the possible path of extension of perinephric abscess or pus?

  • The pararenal fat
  • The perirenal fat
  • The attachments of the renal fascia (correct)
  • The renal capsule

    • What is the origin of the renal arteries?

    <p>Abdominal aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the pararenal fat accumulate?

    <p>Posterior and posterolateral to each kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renal artery arises a little higher than the other?

    <p>Left renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the renal capsule in a normal person and a cadaveric kidney?

    <p>The renal capsule is easily stripped off in a normal person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many segmental arteries does the renal artery divide into?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mnemonic device RENAL COVERINGS?

    <p>To remember the order of the renal coverings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of segmental arteries?

    <p>They are end arteries and do not anastomose significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of downward traction of the superior mesenteric artery?

    <p>Compression of the left renal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the perinephric abscess prevented from spreading to the right kidney?

    <p>Because of the attachment of the renal fascia to the renal vessels' vascular sheath medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical manifestation of Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome/Nutcracker Syndrome?

    <p>Left abdominal flank pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final layer external to the renal fascia?

    <p>Pararenal fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome/Nutcracker Syndrome diagnosed?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of compression of the left renal vein?

    <p>Left testicular pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point of constriction in the ureter where it joins the renal pelvis?

    <p>At the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second point of constriction in the ureter?

    <p>As the ureter crosses the external iliac artery and/or pelvic brim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lymphatic drainage point for the superior part of the ureters?

    <p>Lumbar nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis?

    <p>Ureteropelvic junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lymphatic vessels from the kidney and upper abdominal part of the ureter drain into?

    <p>Lumbar nodes near the origin of the gonadal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the point of constriction where the ureter crosses the external iliac artery and/or pelvic brim?

    <p>No specific term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to demonstrate ureteric constrictions radiographically?

    <p>Using contrast medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lymphatic drainage point for the inferior part of the ureters?

    <p>Internal iliac nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium is found in the lining of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fenestrated capillary in the glomerular filtration membrane?

    <p>To allow small molecules to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the collecting tubules in the development of the collecting system?

    <p>Elongating and converging at the minor calyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lumen in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

    <p>Narrow and fuzzy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the S-Shaped Tubule?

    <p>From the renal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the destination of the distal end of the S-Shaped Tubule?

    <p>One of the collecting tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the staining characteristic of the cells in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

    <p>Acidophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the loop of Henle?

    <p>U-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that forms around the capillaries in the Bowman's capsule?

    <p>The glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of development of the excretory tubule?

    <p>PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the filtration slits in the glomerular filtration membrane?

    <p>To allow small particles to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lateral border of the cells in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

    <p>Indistinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medially, the right kidney is in contact with which structure?

    <p>Descending part of duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Gerota's fascia?

    <p>Enclosing the perirenal fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the layer of the glomerular capsule that consists of the glomerular filtration membrane?

    <p>Visceral layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic innervation on the urethral sphincter?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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