Anatomy LE 4: Urinary System

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What is the primary function of the renal capsule?

To facilitate the removal of waste products

To accumulate fatty tissue

To regulate blood pressure

To provide support to the renal parenchyma (correct)

What is perirenal fat also known as?

Renal fascia

Pararenal fat

Renal capsule

Perinephric fat (correct)

What determines the possible path of extension of perinephric abscess or pus?

The pararenal fat

The perirenal fat

The attachments of the renal fascia (correct)

The renal capsule

What is the origin of the renal arteries?

Abdominal aorta Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pararenal fat accumulate?

Posterior and posterolateral to each kidney Signup and view all the answers

Which renal artery arises a little higher than the other?

Left renal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the renal capsule in a normal person and a cadaveric kidney?

The renal capsule is easily stripped off in a normal person Signup and view all the answers

How many segmental arteries does the renal artery divide into?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mnemonic device RENAL COVERINGS?

To remember the order of the renal coverings Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of segmental arteries?

They are end arteries and do not anastomose significantly Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of downward traction of the superior mesenteric artery?

Compression of the left renal vein Signup and view all the answers

Why is the perinephric abscess prevented from spreading to the right kidney?

Because of the attachment of the renal fascia to the renal vessels' vascular sheath medially Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome/Nutcracker Syndrome?

Left abdominal flank pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the final layer external to the renal fascia?

Pararenal fat Signup and view all the answers

How is Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome/Nutcracker Syndrome diagnosed?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of compression of the left renal vein?

Left testicular pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the point of constriction in the ureter where it joins the renal pelvis?

At the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the second point of constriction in the ureter?

As the ureter crosses the external iliac artery and/or pelvic brim Signup and view all the answers

What is the lymphatic drainage point for the superior part of the ureters?

Lumbar nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis?

Ureteropelvic junction Signup and view all the answers

Where do lymphatic vessels from the kidney and upper abdominal part of the ureter drain into?

Lumbar nodes near the origin of the gonadal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point of constriction where the ureter crosses the external iliac artery and/or pelvic brim?

No specific term Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used to demonstrate ureteric constrictions radiographically?

Using contrast medium Signup and view all the answers

What is the lymphatic drainage point for the inferior part of the ureters?

Internal iliac nodes Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in the lining of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

Simple cuboidal epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fenestrated capillary in the glomerular filtration membrane?

To allow small molecules to pass through Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the collecting tubules in the development of the collecting system?

Elongating and converging at the minor calyx Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lumen in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

Narrow and fuzzy Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the S-Shaped Tubule?

From the renal vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the destination of the distal end of the S-Shaped Tubule?

One of the collecting tubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the staining characteristic of the cells in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

Acidophilic Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the loop of Henle?

U-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that forms around the capillaries in the Bowman's capsule?

The glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of development of the excretory tubule?

PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the filtration slits in the glomerular filtration membrane?

To allow small particles to pass through Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lateral border of the cells in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

Indistinct Signup and view all the answers

Medially, the right kidney is in contact with which structure?

Descending part of duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Gerota's fascia?

Enclosing the perirenal fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer of the glomerular capsule that consists of the glomerular filtration membrane?

Visceral layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sympathetic innervation on the urethral sphincter?

Contraction Signup and view all the answers