Biology II - BIOL 110: Structure of a Kidney

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What is the reason for the high blood pressure in the glomerulus?

The afferent arteriole is narrower than the efferent arteriole

The blood vessels surrounding the glomerulus are compressed

The glomerulus is located in a region with low blood pressure

The efferent arteriole is much narrower than the afferent arteriole (correct)

What percentage of the filtered fluid is reabsorbed back into the blood?

10%

50%

99%

90% (correct)

What is the primary function of tubular reabsorption?

To increase blood pressure in the glomerulus

To remove waste products from the blood

To produce urine

To return filtered water and solutes to the blood (correct)

What is the approximate amount of fluid filtered by the kidneys per day?

180 liters Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the filtered fluid (filtrate)?

Water and small solutes, but no proteins or blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the filtered fluid is actually excreted as final urine?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances are secreted in the tubular secretion process?

Toxic, foreign substances, and waste products Signup and view all the answers

Where does most tubular secretion occur?

Distal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the tubular secretion of hydrogen ions?

Regulation of blood pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the permeability characteristics of the loop of Henle?

Increase the concentration of solute and ions in the medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the increasing hypertonicity of the medullary tissue?

Decrease in water reabsorption and concentration of urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall function of the processes involved in the formation of urine?

Maintenance of homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the efferent arteriole?

To leave the glomerular capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for connecting the loop of Henle to a collecting duct?

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the blood vessels that supply the loop of Henle and collecting ducts within the medulla?

Vasa recta Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the artery that branches to serve nephrons?

Renal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the peritubular capillaries?

To form a network around the PCT, DCT, and parts of collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

What is the region where the collecting ducts ultimately reach?

Renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the production of urine?

Increase water reabsorption by inducing aquaporins Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the collecting duct when ADH release is inhibited?

It becomes less permeable to water Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excess water intake on blood pressure?

It increases blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ion concentrations in the blood and body fluids when there is too little water in the body?

They increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of water reabsorption in the collecting duct when ADH is present?

Passive diffusion due to hypertonicity of the medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of producing concentrated urine?

Conservation of water and decrease in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of diuretic drugs?

To reduce blood volume and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic that inhibits sodium reabsorption?

Caffeine Signup and view all the answers