Anatomy of the Kidney
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Questions and Answers

Where do nerves enter and the ureter exits in the kidney?

  • Renal cortex
  • Renal medulla
  • Renal pelvis
  • Hilum (correct)

    • What type of cells are present in the renal cortex, in addition to renal corpuscles and tubules?

  • Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
  • Macrophages and fibroblasts (correct)
  • Macrophages and adipose cells
  • Fibroblasts and epithelial cells

    • What is the function of myofibroblasts in the kidney?

  • To filter blood
  • To produce urine
  • To resist volume and pressure (correct)
  • To regulate blood pressure

    • What is the function of the renal pelvis?

    <p>To collect urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space within Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Bowman's space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glomerulus?

    <p>To filter blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that surrounds the glomerulus?

    <p>Bowman's capsule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine?

    <p>Nephron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

    <p>To reabsorb salts and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Descending Limb of the Loop of Henle?

    <p>To allow water to be reabsorbed into the medulla, concentrating the filtrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates sodium reabsorption in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)?

    <p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final segment of the renal tubule where the filtrate is collected from multiple nephrons?

    <p>Collecting Duct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle?

    <p>To allow salts to be reabsorbed, diluting the filtrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the Collecting Duct?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kidney Structure

    • The kidneys have a hilum, which is where nerves enter and the ureter exits.
    • The kidneys are covered by a thin fibrous layer consisting of an outer layer of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, and an inner layer of myofibroblasts that resist volume and pressure.

    Renal Pelvis and Calyces

    • The upper end of the ureter expands and becomes the renal pelvis, which divides into 2-3 major calyces.
    • The major calyces then turn into minor calyces.
    • The area surrounding the renal pelvis and calyces has adipose tissue.

    Kidney Parenchyma

    • The kidney parenchyma is divided into renal cortex and renal medulla.
    • The renal cortex is the outer, darker region containing renal corpuscles and tubules, as well as fibroblast-like cells and macrophages.
    • The renal medulla is the inner region consisting mostly of aligned linear tubules and ducts, with myofibroblasts and 8-15 renal pyramids.

    Renal Pyramids and Lobes

    • Each renal pyramid has its base meeting at the cortex by the corticomedullary junction.
    • Between each pyramid, there are areas called renal columns that separate the pyramids.
    • Each pyramid and the cortical tissue at its side and base make a renal lobe.

    Medullary Rays and Renal Lobules

    • Parallel rays extending from the medulla into the cortex are called medullary rays.
    • Medullary rays plus their cortical tissue are referred to as renal lobules.

    Nephrons

    • Nephrons are the functional units that filter blood and form urine.
    • Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a long renal tubule.

    Renal Corpuscle

    • The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries where blood filtration begins.
    • Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole and exits via the efferent arteriole.
    • Bowman's capsule is a double-walled capsule that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate from the blood.

    Renal Tubule

    • The renal tubule is a long, coiled tube divided into several segments, each with specific functions in processing the filtrate.
    • The tubule segments include the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and collecting duct.

    Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

    • The PCT is the first segment after Bowman's capsule, located in the cortex.
    • The PCT reabsorbs a majority of the filtrate, including water, ions, and nutrients.

    Loop of Henle

    • The loop of Henle is a U-shaped structure with descending and ascending limbs that extend into the medulla.
    • The descending limb is permeable to water but not to salts, allowing water to be reabsorbed into the medulla and concentrating the filtrate.
    • The ascending limb is permeable to salts but not to water, allowing salts to be reabsorbed and diluting the filtrate.

    Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

    • The DCT is the segment after the loop of Henle, located back in the cortex.
    • The DCT continues to reabsorb ions and water, under the influence of hormones like aldosterone and parathyroid hormone.

    Collecting Duct

    • The collecting duct is the final segment that receives filtrate from multiple nephrons.
    • The collecting duct reabsorbs water and concentrates the urine, regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
    • The urine then flows into the minor calyx.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure and components of the kidney, including the hilum, renal pelvis, and calyces. Learn about the layers of the kidney and the functions of myofibroblasts.

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