Psychopathology Models Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential consequence of social labels in the sociocultural model?

They鼓励personal growth and expansion.

They can enhance individual self-esteem.

They have no impact on behavior.

They can create expectations that lead to pathology. (correct)

Which method is primarily used in group therapy as per the sociocultural model?

Community outreach programs without therapeutic guidance.

One therapist helping several clients simultaneously. (correct)

Individual family sessions focusing on one member.

One-on-one sessions with multiple therapists.

How does multicultural therapy aim to understand a client's behavior?

By considering the client's cultural context. (correct)

By disregarding cultural differences.

By focusing solely on individual behavior.

By applying a universal standard of psychology.

What is a limitation of the sociocultural model mentioned in the content?

It has poor internal validity. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of equifinality suggest in the context of developmental psychopathology?

Similar circumstances can lead to the same disorder. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle describes how almost the same set of circumstances can lead to different disorders?

Multifinality Signup and view all the answers

In the context of developmental psychopathology, what might lead to both Ritu and Gert developing obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Experiencing significant stress at school. Signup and view all the answers

What developmental psychopathology model explains the notion that diverse paths can lead to a similar disorder?

Equifinality Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cognitive-Behavioral Model primarily focus on addressing in clients?

Illogical thoughts contributing to psychopathology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Humanistic-Existentialist Model?

Belief in the inherent goodness of people Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is most closely associated with the Humanistic Model?

Client-centered therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common misbelief addressed by cognitive therapy?

If I fail once, I will always fail at everything. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant downside of the Cognitive-Behavioral Model?

It may neglect the importance of key childhood factors. Signup and view all the answers

What would a practitioner using the Sociocultural Model likely emphasize in treatment?

Understanding social and cultural influences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pro of the Humanistic-Existentialist Model?

Spiritualism can contribute positively to mental health. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor that the Sociocultural Model considers?

Family dynamics and social roles Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive distortion is exemplified by the thought 'My wife hates me. She’s just pretending otherwise to be nice.'?

Assumption Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'conditional positive regard' refer to in the context of the Humanistic Model?

Support contingent on behavior or achievement Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Models of Psychopathology

Various models explain different perspectives on psychopathology
Older models include Psychodynamic and Biological models
Newer models include Cognitive-Behavioral, Humanistic-Existentialist, and Sociocultural models
Models are not mutually exclusive, rather they can be combined

Cognitive Model

Common illogical thinking processes contribute to psychopathology
Assumptions example: "My wife hates me, she's just pretending to be nice"
Overgeneralization example: "I got dumped, so clearly every man considers me ugly and disgusting."
Attitudes example: "I was set up for failure from the start, thanks to my parents"

Cognitive-Behavioral Model Treatments

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps clients identify and challenge illogical thoughts
CBT aims at reframing negative thoughts
Example: "I don't think you're ugly. Maybe next time you feel that way, ask a friend how you look"
CBT utilizes positive experiences to replace negative associations
Relaxation techniques are an example

Cognitive-Behavioral Model Pros

Good scientific rigor and external validity
High recovery rates

Cognitive-Behavioral Model Cons

Lack of internal validity : illogical thoughts are correlated with psychopathology, but doesn't mean they cause it
Focus on the present might neglect key childhood factors

Humanistic-Existentialist Model

Combines humanistic and existentialist approaches
Humanistic model believes people are fundamentally good and strive for self-actualization
Existentialist model emphasizes freedom and the responsibility of living authentically

Humanistic Model

Focuses on human thriving rather than pathology
Emphasizes human potential and self-actualization
Includes the hierarchy of needs: Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem and Self-actualization

Humanistic Model Explanations

Psychopathology arises from conditions of self-worth
Unconditional positive regard (message that family will support you no matter what)
Conditional positive regard (message that family will support you, IF...)

Existentialist Model

Humans are "sentenced to freedom" and are responsible for their lives
People are able to do anything but are often terrified by their freedom

Humanistic-Existentialist Model Treatments

Client-centered therapy: Client sets goals, therapist is warm, supportive, and non-judgmental
Therapist helps clients explore their values and beliefs
Spiritualist therapy often focuses on client's religion to facilitate spiritual relationships

Humanistic-Existentialist Model Pros

Focus on wellness and spiritualism

Humanistic-Existentialist Model Cons

Challenging to research, nomothetic rather than idiographic research

Sociocultural Model

Considers daily life forces like social roles, family dynamics, cultural activities, close relationships and national or political pressures
Examines how these factors contribute to psychopathology

Sociocultural Model Explanations

Social roles: expected behaviors based on job, family and position and demographics
Social labels: terms for what type of person people are, and related expectations
How social labels or roles could create psychopathology

Sociocultural Model Treatments

Group therapy: One therapist helps several clients or families at once
Multicultural therapy: understanding client's behavior in the context of their culture
Example: "I have to be a man and provide for my family", "I hate guests- my house is a mess"

Sociocultural Model Pros

Addresses historical Western perspective in psychology
Explains behavior in context

Sociocultural Model Cons

Poor internal validity: correlation doesn't imply causation

Developmental Psychopathology

An attempt to integrate aspects of other models
Main concepts include Equifinality and Multifinality

Developmental Psychopathology: Equifinality

Different circumstances often lead to the same disorder
For example, Ritu and Gert both developed Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, despite having different experiences

Developmental Psychopathology: Multifinality

Similar circumstances can lead to different disorders.
For example, Finn and Cory faced similar early upbringing experiences, but Cory developed depression, whereas Finn did not.

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Description

Explore various models of psychopathology in this quiz, including psychodynamic, biological, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic-existentialist perspectives. Understand how these models inform treatment methods like Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Test your knowledge on the logical thinking processes that influence mental health.