Models of Psychopathology Week 3 PDF

Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Cognitive Model Common...

Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Cognitive Model Common illogical thinking processes that contribute to psychopathology Assumptions “My wife hates me. She’s just pretending otherwise to be nice.” Overgeneralization “I got dumped, so clearly every man considers me ugly and disgusting.” Attitudes “I was set up for failure from the start, thanks to my parents.” Cognitive-Behavioral Model Treatments Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Helping client find illogical thoughts and work to challenge them when occur “I don’t think you’re ugly. Maybe next time you feel that way, ask a friend how you look.” Using positive experiences to unlearn negative associations “Let’s get you very relaxed, and then slowly move into some discussion of spiders.” Cognitive-Behavioral Model Pros Good scientific rigor Good external validity across cultures High rates of recovery among clients Cognitive-Behavioral Model Cons Lack of internal validity Illogical thoughts are correlated with psychopathology — doesn’t mean they cause it Focus on the present Possible neglect of key childhood factors Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Humanistic-Existentialist Model Humanistic-Existentialist Model Also two models combined Humanistic Model Believes people are fundamentally good, and driven to self-actualize Existentialist Model Believes people are absolutely free, driven to live true to themselves Humanistic Model Focuses on human thriving rather than psychopathology Humanistic Model Explanations Psychopathology develops from conditions of self-worth Unconditional positive regard Message that family will support you no matter what, even if you mess up or they get angry Conditional positive regard Message that family will support you, IF… Creates conditions of self-worth Existentialist Model Humans are “sentenced to freedom” Able to do anything they want with their lives Terrified of this prospect, because means there are no correct answers Must strive to live authentically — true to their own needs Humanistic-Existentialist Model Treatments Client-centered therapy Client sets goals of therapy, therapist follows Therapist provides warm, supportive, non- judgmental listener Humanistic-Existentialist Model Treatments Spiritualist therapy Specifically informed by client’s religion, helping them to build spiritual relationships Humanistic-Existentialist Model Pros Spiritualism good for mental health Founded prevention-focused wellness programs Humanistic-Existentialist Model Cons Hard to research Idiographic rather than nomothetic Means that external validity is generally poor Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Sociocultural Model Sociocultural Model Looks at forces acting on clients in their daily lives Social role pressures Family dynamics Cultural activities Close relationships National/political forces Sociocultural Model Explanations Social Roles Sets of expected behaviors based on job, family position, demographics, etc. How could these create pathology? Sociocultural Model Explanations Social Labels Terms for what type of person one is, and expectations for that type of person How could these create pathology? Sociocultural Model Treatments Group Therapy One therapist helps several clients at once Can include families, couples, communities Sociocultural Model Treatments Multicultural Therapy Strives to understand client’s behavior in context of their culture “I have to be a man and provide for my family” “I hate guests — my house is a mess” Sociocultural Model Pros Addresses historically white/European perspective in psychology Explains behavior in context Sociocultural Model Cons Poor internal validity Correlation does not imply causation Older models Newer models Psychodynamic Humanistic- Model Existentialist Biological Cognitive- Model Socio- Model Behavioral Cultural Model Model Developmental Psychopathology Model Developmental Psychopathology Developmental Psychopathology Effort to combine all other models Developmental Psychopathology Equifinality Principle that different sets of circumstances can lead to same disorder Ritu: born with hyperactive brain circuits for anxiety, experiences moderate stress in school from peer conflict Gert: born with typical brain circuitry, loses both parents to separate disease before age 20, has to leave school as a result Both develop Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Developmental Psychopathology Equifinality Principle that different sets of circumstances can lead to same disorder Developmental Psychopathology Multifinality Principle that almost same set of circumstances can lead to different disorders Finn: born with risk of low serotonin, raised in a family obsessed with perfectionism, takes a low- stress job in IT Cory: born with risk of low serotonin, raised in a family obsessed with perfectionism, takes a stressful job as an EMT Cory develops depression; Finn does not Developmental Psychopathology Multifinality Principle that almost same set of circumstances can lead to different disorders