30 Questions
Which type of RNA is most abundant in the nucleolus?
rRNA
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?
To transcribe DNA into RNA
What occurs during post-transcriptional modification?
Splicing and modification of newly synthesized RNA
What is the 'central dogma' in molecular biology?
The process of transcription and translation
What is the function of tRNA?
To carry amino acids during translation
What is the final product of gene expression?
Protein
What is the purpose of the anticodon sequence on a tRNA molecule?
To complement the mRNA codon sequence
What is the function of the 60S ribosome subunit in translation?
To assemble with the 40S subunit for translation
During translation initiation, what binds to the 40S ribosome subunit?
tRNA with the start codon
What is the result of peptidyl transferase enzyme action during translation elongation?
Formation of a peptide bond
What is the function of the release factor during translation termination?
To release the polypeptide chain
What is the primary function of post-translational modifications?
To mediate functional protein folding or cellular localization
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase II?
To produce mRNA
What is the purpose of the poly A site in mRNA processing?
To add a tail of repeated A nucleotides to the mRNA
What is the role of the untranslated region in mRNA?
It is not involved in protein production
What is the function of tRNA in protein production?
To transport amino acids to the ribosome
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
What is the purpose of splicing in mRNA processing?
To remove introns from the mRNA
What is the role of the TATA box sequence in transcription?
To define the promoter binding site
What is the purpose of the 5' cap in mRNA processing?
To protect the RNA from degradation
What is the outcome of alternative splicing?
Production of different proteins with different roles/locations
What is the role of RNA interference pathways?
To degrade single-stranded mRNA
What determines the mRNA half-life?
The length of the Poly A tail
What is the order of events during transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination, processing
What is the effect of UV and ionizing radiation on DNA?
Formation of pyrimidine dimers and single-stranded breaks
What is the purpose of mRNA capping and tailing?
To enhance mRNA stability
What is the role of RNA interference pathways?
To regulate gene expression by degrading target mRNA
During transcription, what is the purpose of iniTaTon, elongaTon, and terminaTon?
To initiate, elongate, and terminate mRNA synthesis
What is the effect of pyrimidine dimers and single-stranded breaks on transcriptional machinery?
Transcriptional machinery is blocked by dimers and breaks
What is the result of UV/ionizing radiation-induced mutations?
Mutations in DNA sequence
Learn about the process of protein synthesis, including transcription, translation, and the role of mRNA, tRNA, and amino acids in creating proteins. Understand the genetic code and its importance in the body.
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