WK 4: Genetics 2
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Questions and Answers

Which type of RNA is most abundant in the nucleolus?

  • miRNA
  • rRNA (correct)
  • tRNA
  • mRNA

    • What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

  • To modify tRNA
  • To transcribe DNA into RNA (correct)
  • To translate mRNA into amino acids
  • To regulate gene expression

    • What occurs during post-transcriptional modification?

  • Translation of mRNA into amino acids
  • Transcription of DNA into RNA
  • Regulation of gene expression
  • Splicing and modification of newly synthesized RNA (correct)

    • What is the 'central dogma' in molecular biology?

    <p>The process of transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA?

    <p>To carry amino acids during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of gene expression?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the anticodon sequence on a tRNA molecule?

    <p>To complement the mRNA codon sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 60S ribosome subunit in translation?

    <p>To assemble with the 40S subunit for translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation initiation, what binds to the 40S ribosome subunit?

    <p>tRNA with the start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of peptidyl transferase enzyme action during translation elongation?

    <p>Formation of a peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the release factor during translation termination?

    <p>To release the polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of post-translational modifications?

    <p>To mediate functional protein folding or cellular localization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA polymerase II?

    <p>To produce mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the poly A site in mRNA processing?

    <p>To add a tail of repeated A nucleotides to the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the untranslated region in mRNA?

    <p>It is not involved in protein production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA in protein production?

    <p>To transport amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA → RNA → Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of splicing in mRNA processing?

    <p>To remove introns from the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the TATA box sequence in transcription?

    <p>To define the promoter binding site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 5' cap in mRNA processing?

    <p>To protect the RNA from degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of alternative splicing?

    <p>Production of different proteins with different roles/locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA interference pathways?

    <p>To degrade single-stranded mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the mRNA half-life?

    <p>The length of the Poly A tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of events during transcription?

    <p>Initiation, elongation, termination, processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UV and ionizing radiation on DNA?

    <p>Formation of pyrimidine dimers and single-stranded breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mRNA capping and tailing?

    <p>To enhance mRNA stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA interference pathways?

    <p>To regulate gene expression by degrading target mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During transcription, what is the purpose of iniTaTon, elongaTon, and terminaTon?

    <p>To initiate, elongate, and terminate mRNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of pyrimidine dimers and single-stranded breaks on transcriptional machinery?

    <p>Transcriptional machinery is blocked by dimers and breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of UV/ionizing radiation-induced mutations?

    <p>Mutations in DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

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