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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding amino acids and codons?
A leading strand is the strand that is synthesized in the same direction as the replication fork.
True
What are the two main processes involved in the production of proteins?
Transcription and Translation
The sequence of __________ determines the structure and function of a protein.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Translation
- Translation is the process where mRNA is decoded to produce a protein.
- During translation, each three-nucleotide codon in an mRNA sequence specifies which amino acid should be added next to the growing polypeptide chain.
- Every amino acid has more than one codon, with a few exceptions.
Genetic Code
- The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) into proteins.
- The code defines how sequences of three nucleotides, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis.
mRNA
- mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are made.
- The mRNA sequence is "read" by ribosomes in three-nucleotide segments called codons. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.
Protein Synthesis
- Protein synthesis consists of two major steps: transcription and translation.
- During transcription, DNA is used as a template to create a copy of the genetic information in the form of mRNA.
- During translation, mRNA sequences are read by ribosomes to create a protein.
Leading and Non-Leading Strands
- DNA is a double helix with two complementary strands.
- The leading strand runs 5' to 3', while the non-leading strand runs 3' to 5'.
- During replication, the leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the non-leading strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.
tRNA
- tRNA (transfer RNA) is a small RNA molecule that functions as an adaptor between mRNA and amino acids during protein synthesis.
- Each tRNA molecule has a specific three-nucleotide anticodon that recognizes a particular codon on the mRNA.
- tRNA carries a specific amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the process of protein synthesis, including translation, the genetic code, and the role of mRNA. This quiz covers how amino acids are coded by codons and the steps involved in creating proteins in cells.
