18 Questions
What is the primary function of hydrochloric acid in protein digestion?
To unfold globular proteins, making them more accessible to protease activity
Where does protein digestion begin?
In the stomach
What is the function of pepsinogen?
To become activated into pepsin by hydrochloric acid
What triggers the secretion of secretin and cholecystokinin?
The acidic stomach contents passing into the duodenum
Which organs produce proteolytic enzymes responsible for degrading proteins?
Stomach, pancreas, and small intestine
What is the function of pepsin?
To break down proteins into di-or tripeptides or free amino acids
What is the mechanism by which free amino acids are taken into enterocytes?
Sodium linked secondary transport system
What happens to di- and tri-peptides once they enter the enterocytes?
They are hydrolyzed into free amino acids
What is the fate of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the liver?
They are sent to skeletal muscle and other extrahepatic tissues
What is the result of pancreatic secretions deficiency in chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis?
Incomplete digestion of proteins and fats
What is the underlying cause of cystinuria?
Defect in the uptake system of dibasic amino acids
What is a characteristic symptom of cystinuria?
Formation of kidney stones
What is the primary function of secretin in the digestive process?
Regulating gastric acid secretion and pH levels in the duodenum
What is the function of enteropeptidase in the digestive process?
Converting trypsinogen into its active form trypsin
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down oligopeptides into smaller peptides and free amino acids?
Aminopeptidase
What is the function of cholecystokinin in the digestive process?
Triggering the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas
What is the primary function of trypsin in the digestive process?
Activating other digestive zymogens
Which pancreatic protease has substrate specificity for cleaving peptide bonds after basic amino acids?
Carboxypeptidase B
Learn about the digestion of proteins in the human body, including the role of proteolytic enzymes and the organs responsible for breaking down proteins. Understand how proteins are absorbed into the body.
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