4.4 Physiology of GI Disorders Lecture
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is characterized by malabsorption due to gluten intolerance?

  • Celiac disease (correct)
  • Gastritis
  • Dumping syndrome
  • Pancreatitis
  • Where are the vomiting centers located in the brain?

  • Medulla oblongata (correct)
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Cerebellum
  • What is a common risk factor for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)?

  • Normal BMI
  • Low blood pressure
  • High blood sugar
  • Obesity (correct)
  • Which receptors are typically targeted in the prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting?

    <p>Serotonin receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically causes macrocytic pernicious anemia in individuals with severe malabsorption?

    <p>Diminished vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutritional deficiency often results in osteomalacia due to lack of calcium?

    <p>Vitamin D deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals with gluten enteropathy (celiac disease) benefit from eliminating gluten from their diet?

    <p>Cure within a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of gluten on the intestinal enterocytes in individuals with gluten enteropathy?

    <p>Destroys enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to cause nausea, cramping, dizziness, sweating, and a rapid heart rate after ingesting large volumes of sugary beverages post anastomosis of the jejunum to the stomach?

    <p>Dumping syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is primarily responsible for gastric ulcer formation?

    <p>Back-leak of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient experiencing frequent episodes of nausea, cramping, dizziness, sweating, and a rapid heart rate after consuming sugary beverages post-jejunum-stomach anastomosis, what is the likely diagnosis?

    <p>Dumping syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area in the brain serves as a sensory circumventricular organ and lacks a blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are involved in triggering impulses that lead to vomiting?

    <p>5-HT (serotonin) receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During vomiting, what happens to prevent aspiration?

    <p>Closing of the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication targets intracellular steroid receptors for controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting?

    <p>Dexamethasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting related to anesthesia?

    <p>History of PONV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of prolonged large intestinal obstruction?

    <p>Severe vomiting leading to rupture of the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause dehydration from vomiting large amounts of intestinal fluids?

    <p>Acidic vomitus due to pyloric obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of achalasia?

    <p>Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in the inability of food to reach the stomach due to a failure in the swallowing act?

    <p>Megaesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chronic gastritis potentially lead to pernicious anemia?

    <p>Reduction in stomach secretions causing achlorhydria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of peptic ulcers?

    <p>Excessive secretion of acid and pepsin by gastric mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of loss of pancreatic secretion in conditions like pancreatitis?

    <p>Formation of fatty feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves gluten having a destructive effect on intestinal enterocytes?

    <p>Sprue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of tropical sprue?

    <p>Infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do normal feedback controls ensure neutralization of gastric acid in the duodenum?

    <p>Inhibiting gastric secretion and peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gluten affect enterocytes in gluten enteropathy?

    <p>Destructive effect on intestinal enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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