27 Questions
Which condition is characterized by malabsorption due to gluten intolerance?
Celiac disease
Where are the vomiting centers located in the brain?
Medulla oblongata
What is a common risk factor for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)?
Obesity
Which receptors are typically targeted in the prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting?
Serotonin receptors
What typically causes macrocytic pernicious anemia in individuals with severe malabsorption?
Diminished vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption
Which nutritional deficiency often results in osteomalacia due to lack of calcium?
Vitamin D deficiency
How do individuals with gluten enteropathy (celiac disease) benefit from eliminating gluten from their diet?
Cure within a week
What is the primary effect of gluten on the intestinal enterocytes in individuals with gluten enteropathy?
Destroys enterocytes
Which condition is most likely to cause nausea, cramping, dizziness, sweating, and a rapid heart rate after ingesting large volumes of sugary beverages post anastomosis of the jejunum to the stomach?
Dumping syndrome
What mechanism is primarily responsible for gastric ulcer formation?
Back-leak of hydrogen ions
In a patient experiencing frequent episodes of nausea, cramping, dizziness, sweating, and a rapid heart rate after consuming sugary beverages post-jejunum-stomach anastomosis, what is the likely diagnosis?
Dumping syndrome
Which area in the brain serves as a sensory circumventricular organ and lacks a blood-brain barrier?
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
Which receptors are involved in triggering impulses that lead to vomiting?
5-HT (serotonin) receptors
During vomiting, what happens to prevent aspiration?
Closing of the glottis
Which medication targets intracellular steroid receptors for controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting?
Dexamethasone
What is a risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting related to anesthesia?
History of PONV
What is the consequence of prolonged large intestinal obstruction?
Severe vomiting leading to rupture of the intestine
What can cause dehydration from vomiting large amounts of intestinal fluids?
Acidic vomitus due to pyloric obstruction
What is the primary cause of achalasia?
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax
Which condition results in the inability of food to reach the stomach due to a failure in the swallowing act?
Megaesophagus
How does chronic gastritis potentially lead to pernicious anemia?
Reduction in stomach secretions causing achlorhydria
What is a common cause of peptic ulcers?
Excessive secretion of acid and pepsin by gastric mucosa
What is the implication of loss of pancreatic secretion in conditions like pancreatitis?
Formation of fatty feces
Which condition involves gluten having a destructive effect on intestinal enterocytes?
Sprue
What is the main cause of tropical sprue?
Infectious agents
How do normal feedback controls ensure neutralization of gastric acid in the duodenum?
Inhibiting gastric secretion and peristalsis
How does gluten affect enterocytes in gluten enteropathy?
Destructive effect on intestinal enterocytes
This lecture outline covers disorders along the GI tract, nausea, vomiting, and objectives related to the physiology of GI disorders. Topics include esophageal disorders, gastritis, pancreatitis, gluten intolerance, dumping syndrome, causes of nausea and vomiting, and the brain's vomiting centers.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
