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Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric GU and GI Systems
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Anatomy and Physiology of Pediatric GU and GI Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why newborns experience more watery and looser stools compared to older children?

  • Decreased intestinal surface area for water reabsorption (correct)
  • Immature swallowing reflex
  • Increased intestinal surface area
  • Higher intake of solid food

    • At what age does voluntary control of swallowing typically begin in infants?

  • 1 week
  • 3 months
  • 6 months
  • 6 weeks (correct)

    • What is a significant difference in gastrointestinal elimination between pediatric and adult patients?

  • Pediatric gastrointestinal motility is generally slower.
  • Pediatric patients have smaller stomach capacity and higher metabolic rates. (correct)
  • Pediatric patients have a greater capacity for nutrient absorption.
  • Pediatric patients experience more frequent bouts of constipation.

    • Which of the following factors is essential for calculating expected urine output in pediatric patients?

    <p>Weight of the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Immature liver function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the ability to sense a full rectum and attempt to control it typically start in children?

    <p>18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves gastrointestinal structural changes in pediatric patients?

    <p>Cleft lip or palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group experiences rapid fluid volume deficit due to changes in water distribution?

    <p>Infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does inflammation play in the gastrointestinal systems of pediatric patients?

    <p>It may cause pain and disrupt normal elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key nutritional need for pediatric patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease?

    <p>Increased fluid intake with less acidic beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for sodium levels in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>135-145 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells as sodium levels increase in the extracellular fluid?

    <p>Cells shrink as fluid moves from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to measure in diaper-dependent infants?

    <p>Urinary and gastrointestinal output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sodium in maintaining the extracellular fluid?

    <p>Maintains osmolarity and balance of ECF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can greatly affect elimination in pediatric patients due to infectious processes?

    <p>Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment consideration for patients with intussusception in pediatrics?

    <p>Monitoring for signs of dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of immaturity in the pediatric urinary system?

    <p>Greater risk of electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by swelling, hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure in pediatric patients?

    <p>Hemolytic uremic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental consideration should nurses keep in mind regarding children's awareness of genitals?

    <p>Interest typically peaks between 3-6 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dehydration impact potassium and sodium balance in pediatric patients?

    <p>It leads to potentially dangerous imbalances in both electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for assessing urinary elimination problems?

    <p>Voiding cystourethrogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hindered capability do immature kidneys have in infants and young children?

    <p>Inability to conserve water and solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs physiologically when a child is unable to concentrate their urine until around age 2?

    <p>Increased risk of dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing intervention is essential for managing pediatric patients with urinary tract infections?

    <p>Promoting increased fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • Genitourinary system (GU) ureters are shorter
    • Gastrointestinal system (GI) surface area increases with age
    • All nephrons are present at birth
    • Kidney efficiency increases with age
    • Immature glomeruli, tubules, and nephrons lead to quicker dehydration
    • Kidneys can’t adequately conserve water and solutes effectively
    • Unable to concentrate their urine until about age 2
    • Specific gravity may not change on urinalysis (UA)
    • Children become aware of and are interested in genitals between 3-6 years of age.

    Pediatric GU Considerations

    • Increased risk of germs in genital area
    • Normal

    Pediatric GI Considerations

    • Sucking is a primitive reflex
    • Voluntary control of swallowing is not until 6 weeks of age
    • Infants have small stomach capacity & fast peristalsis = small frequent meals needed
    • Intestines grow and are closer to adult function by 2 years of age
    • Immature liver function = ↑ risk of jaundice in kids
    • Being able to sense a full rectum and attempt to control it starts around age 18 months

    Elimination Measurement

    • Infants are more prone to dehydration due to their higher ECF percentage
    • ECF is lost first in children
    • Cardiovascular problems are seen in dehydration of infants more quickly

    Sodium

    • Sodium is the major ECF electrolyte
    • Na+ maintains osmolarity and balance of ECF
    • Hyponatremia- < 135mEq/L
    • As sodium increases, fluid moves from ICF to ECF causing cells to shrink.

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    Pediatric Module 7 Pediatric Care PDF

    Description

    Explore the unique aspects of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems in pediatrics. This quiz covers developmental milestones, efficiency changes, and considerations for children up to two years of age. Test your knowledge on how these systems function and the implications for infant health.

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