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Questions and Answers

What is the physiological function of the vomiting centers in the brain?

  • Control the intensity of taste sensations
  • Modulate blood pressure variations
  • Regulate water balance in the body
  • Coordinate the muscles involved in vomiting (correct)
  • Which disorder is characterized by the rapid emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine?

  • Gastritis
  • Dumping syndrome (correct)
  • Pancreatitis
  • Gluten intolerance
  • In the context of GI disorders, what role does gluten intolerance play in malabsorption?

  • Damages the lining of the small intestine (correct)
  • Increases digestive enzyme secretion
  • Decreases stomach acid production
  • Enhances nutrient absorption
  • What is a common risk factor associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)?

    <p>Female gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily affected by gastritis?

    <p>Stomach lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutritional deficiencies may result from severe malabsorption?

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In celiac disease, gluten has which effect on the intestinal enterocytes?

    <p>Decreases absorptive surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of removing large portions of the small intestine?

    <p>Gluten enteropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excess fats in the stools?

    <p>Steatorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary enzyme required by enterocytes covering villi of the small intestine to digest lactose?

    <p>Lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can exogenous enzymes help individuals with severe lactose malabsorption to consume?

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency can result in wasting, osteomalacia, and macrocytic pernicious anemia?

    <p>Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the distressing symptoms of dumping syndrome?

    <p>Weakness, dizziness, and sweating after feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dumping syndrome can lead to which of the following conditions?

    <p>Hypovolemia and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure can be a cause of dumping syndrome?

    <p>Gastric bypass surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis of a patient who has undergone anastomosis of his jejunum to his stomach and experiences nausea, cramping, dizziness, sweating, and a rapid heart rate after ingesting large volumes of sugary beverages?

    <p>Dumping syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is likely most responsible for gastric ulcer formation?

    <p>Back-leak of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will eliminate the secretion of acid during the gastric phase of digestion in a patient with peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Antigastrin antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient who added high fiber wheat and bran to her diet resulting in weight loss and stomach issues, what is most likely increased?

    <p>Fecal fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is likely responsible for inducing vomiting upon rapid changes in motion direction or rhythm of the body?

    <p>Vestibular nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for a patient experiencing nausea, cramping, dizziness, sweating, and rapid heart rate after consuming large volumes of sugary beverages post anastomosis of jejunum to stomach?

    <p>Dumping syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major anatomical element of vomiting involved in detecting noxious chemical stimuli?

    <p>Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms is involved in the mechanics of vomiting?

    <p>Contraction of the abdominal wall muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter receptor subtype does Ondansetron inhibit to prevent vomiting?

    <p>Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)?

    <p>Smoking history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of obstruction causes acidic vomitus due to prolonged obstruction?

    <p>Large intestinal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protective response that vomiting represents?

    <p>A central regulation of gut function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug inhibits dopamine at the D2 receptor to prevent vomiting?

    <p>Metoclopramide</p> Signup and view all the answers

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