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Questions and Answers
What is the transcribed symbol for an alveolar trill?
The Scottish varieties of English typically produce an alveolar trill.
False
What does velarization refer to in lateral approximants?
The formation of a secondary articulation between the back of the tongue and the velum.
Sounds produced with complete closure followed by a release phase where friction occurs are called __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What distinguishes a voiced alveolar lateral approximant from a central approximant?
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The voiced alveolar tap [ɾ] is not found in American English pronunciations.
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What is the primary difference between the sounds [l] and [ɹ]?
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A voiced alveolar _______ is produced by a momentary constriction of complete closure with the alveolar ridge.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Central vs Lateral
- The air escapes along a central groove for all fricatives and approximants
- Lateral fricatives and approximants are produced when air escapes along the sides of the tongue
- The lateral approximant [l] is a voiced alveolar lateral approximant where the sides of the tongue form a constriction with the alveolar ridge
- [l] and [ɹ] are both approximants, voiced and alveolar but [l] is a lateral approximant while [ɹ] is a central approximant
Taps and Trills
- An alveolar tap (or flap) is produced when the blade of the tongue makes momentary contact with the alveolar ridge.
- The alveolar tap, transcribed as [ɾ], is often used in English words like "Betty", "witty", and "rider"
- An alveolar trill is produced by holding the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge and rapidly tapping it, creating vibrations.
- The alveolar trill is transcribed as [r] and is rare.
Secondary Articulation
- A secondary articulation is an additional articulation produced alongside the primary articulation, which in the case of laterals, is the alveolar articulation.
- A velarized lateral approximant, transcribed as [É«] , is produced with a velar articulation, also known as "dark l".
- A palatalized lateral approximant, transcribed as [lj] , is produced with a palatal articulation, also known as "clear l".
- The term "clear l" is used for [lj] and [l]
Affricates
- Affricates are consonants produced with complete closure followed by a release phase that involves friction.
- [tʃ], the first sound in "chip", is a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate,
- [dÊ’], the first sound in "jury" is a voiced palato-alveolar affricate.
Aspiration
- Aspiration is a strong puff of air that occurs when releasing a voiceless stop.
- [pÊ°], the first sound in "pit", is an aspirated voiceless bilabial stop.
- [p], the first sound in "spit", is an unaspirated voiceless bilabial stop.
Nasal Stops
- Nasal stops are consonants produced with the velum lowered, allowing air to escape through the nasal cavity.
- Nasal stops can be either voiced or voiceless, but typically voiced.
- There are five main nasal stops in English:
- Bilabial nasal stops [m]
- Labio-dental nasal stops [ɱ]
- Dental nasal stops [n̪]
- Alveolar nasal stops [n]
- Velar nasal stops [Å‹]
- The nasal stops in words like "pamphlet" and "incredible" exhibit assimilation, where the nasal sound adapts to the following sound.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of central and lateral sounds in phonetics, from fricatives to approximants. Learn about the production of alveolar taps and trills, and understand the concept of secondary articulation. This quiz will test your knowledge of these essential phonetic elements.
