Phonetics Study Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is articulatory phonetics?

A method of teaching languages

A type of phonetic transcription

The study of how listeners perceive sounds

The study of how the vocal tract produces the sounds of language (correct)

What does auditory phonetics study?

The classification of phonetics

How listeners perceive sounds (correct)

Different speech sounds

How the vocal tract produces sounds

How are most speech sounds produced?

By pushing lung air through vocal cords, up the throat, into the mouth or nose, and finally out of the body.

Consonants and vowels are two classes of speech sounds in all languages.

True Signup and view all the answers

What classifies consonants by their place of articulation?

By where in the vocal tract the airflow restriction occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What are bilabial consonants?

[p], [b], [m] Signup and view all the answers

How are labiodental consonants formed?

By touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the sounds produced by interdentals.

[θ], [ð] Signup and view all the answers

Which sounds are considered alveolar?

[t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l], [r] Signup and view all the answers

What are palatal consonants?

[ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ], [j] Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes velar consonants?

[k], [g], [ɲ] Signup and view all the answers

Define uvular consonants.

[R], [q], [G] Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes glottal sounds?

[h], [?] Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by manner of articulation?

It refers to how the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out of the mouth and nose. Signup and view all the answers

What are voiced and voiceless sounds?

Voiced sounds involve vibrating vocal cords, while voiceless sounds do not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aspirated and unaspirated voiceless sounds?

Aspirated sounds release a brief puff of air before vocal cord closure, while unaspirated sounds do not. Signup and view all the answers

How are oral sounds defined?

Sounds where the velum is raised, blocking air through the nose. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes nasal sounds?

Produced when the velum is lowered, allowing air to escape through both the nose and mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What are phonetic features?

Nasal/voiced characteristics that classify speech sounds into four groups: voiced, voiceless, nasal, and oral. Signup and view all the answers

What are stops in phonetics?

[p], [b], [m], [t], [d], [n], [k], [g], [ŋ], [tʃ], [dʒ], [ʔ] Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Phonetics Overview

Phonetics studies speech sounds and can be divided into articulatory and auditory phonetics.
Articulatory phonetics examines how sounds are produced in the vocal tract.
Auditory phonetics investigates how sounds are perceived by listeners.

Speech Sound Production

Speech sounds originate from lung air pushed through vocal cords, traveling through the throat and exiting via the mouth or nose.

Consonants vs. Vowels

Consonants are one of the two main classes of speech sounds, characterized by airflow restriction in the vocal tract, while vowels allow for continuous airflow.

Place of Articulation (POA)

Consonants are categorized by the location of airflow obstruction within the vocal tract.

Types of Consonants by POA

Bilabial: Produced with both lips ([p], [b], [m]).
Labiodental: Made by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth ([f], [v]).
Interdental: Formed by inserting the tongue between the teeth ([θ], [ð]).
Alveolar: Articulated with the tongue against the alveolar ridge ([t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l], [r]).
Palatal: Occur when the front part of the tongue raises to the palate ([ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ], [j]).
Velar: Produced with the back of the tongue against the soft palate ([k], [g], [ŋ]).
Uvular: Involves raising the tongue to the uvula ([R], [q], [G]).
Glottal: Sounds produced at the glottis ([h], [?]), characterized by air flow through the open glottis.

Manner of Articulation

Articulation varies according to how airflow is modified as it travels from the lungs.
It includes sounds that may be fully or partly blocked, with vocal cords vibrating or not.

Voiced and Voiceless Sounds

Voiceless sounds occur when the vocal cords are apart, allowing unobstructed airflow ([s], [p]).
Voiced sounds result from vibrating vocal cords during airflow.

Aspirated and Unaspirated Sounds

Aspirated sounds have a puff of air escaping before the closure of the glottis (e.g., "Pit").
Unaspirated sounds have immediate vocal cord vibration as the lips open (e.g., "spit").

Oral vs. Nasal Sounds

Oral sounds: Produced with the velum raised, blocking airflow through the nose.
Nasal sounds: Occur when the velum is lowered, allowing airflow through both mouth and nose ([m] is an example).

Phonetic Features

Features like nasal and voiced distinctions allow classification of speech sounds into four categories: voiced, voiceless, nasal, and oral.
Examples: [p] is a voiceless, bilabial, oral sound; [n] is a voiced, alveolar, nasal sound.

Stops and Fricatives

Stops: Consonants where airflow is fully blocked for a brief moment (e.g., [p], [b], [m], [t], [d]).
Fricatives: Consonants created by forcing air through a narrow channel, causing turbulence.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of phonetics with our flashcards. Learn about articulatory and auditory phonetics, and how speech sounds are produced and perceived. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!