Questions and Answers
Which medication is contraindicated with concurrent use of nitroglycerin due to the risk of hypotension?
What is the primary mechanism by which antibiotics impact estradiol effectiveness?
Which medication is known for its potential to cause nephrotoxicity and requires monitoring of renal function?
What is the recommended delivery rate for potassium IV administration?
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Which process describes the movement of a substance across a body membrane to circulating fluids?
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Which type of medication should not be administered if bowel sounds are absent?
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What is the primary action of a spacer in respiratory medications?
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What is the characteristic of a loading dose in medication administration?
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Which medication should be carefully used in patients with kidney issues due to its potential to increase creatinine levels?
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What is the expected time for effectiveness when using tricyclic antidepressants?
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What is a common side effect that can be managed at home?
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Which of the following is a crystalloid that is isotonic and will not cause a major shift between compartments?
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Trade names refer to what aspect of medication?
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What condition can decrease drug excretion and increase the potential for drug toxicity?
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What medication is commonly used for fungal infections and comes in various forms such as capsules and creams?
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What medication is often prescribed for asthma and should be used with caution regarding caffeine intake?
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Which medication's effectiveness can be decreased by the use of steroids and is classified as an NSAID?
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Which antibiotic is used to treat anthrax and can be taken with or without food?
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What type of fluid is 0.45% sodium chloride classified as?
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What medication is used to treat an opiate overdose?
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Which medication is known for its adverse effects of urinary retention and dry mouth, and is a first-generation antihistamine?
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What is the most serious adverse effect associated with Metoclopramide?
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Which of the following medications is classified as a leukotriene modifier that can cause rare but serious suicidal thoughts?
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What type of drug is indicated for managing shock from burns or trauma, specifically referring to 6% dextran 75?
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Which medication should be avoided in pregnant women due to potential risks?
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Which medication is effective primarily for purely manic or depressive episodes and has a narrow therapeutic window?
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What does the term 'pharmacokinetics' refer to?
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Which of the following is a common side effect of Lithium?
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For which condition is Sulfasalazine used, and what is its treatment outcome?
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Which medication promotes shrinkage of the enlarged prostate and is expected to show results within 6-12 months?
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Study Notes
Side Effects and Management
- Common side effects like nausea and itching can often be managed at home.
- Adverse effects may include hives, severe rash, or anaphylaxis.
Medications and Their Uses
- Lactated Ringers: Isotonic crystalloid solution; maintains fluid balance without major shifts.
- Nystatin: Antifungal medication available in capsule, cream, oral, or powder forms.
- Theophylline: Used for asthma; side effects include tachycardia, hypertension, and tremors. Avoid caffeine.
- Ciprofloxacin: Antibiotic for anthrax; taken with or without food, but reduced absorption with antacids.
- Oxytocin: Stimulates labor and reduces postpartum hemorrhage with close monitoring of contractions.
- Naloxone: Treatment for opiate overdose; respiratory depression is a critical sign of overdose.
- Albuterol: Short-acting beta agonist for bronchospasms, with rapid onset for acute flare-ups.
- Risperidone: Atypical antipsychotic for positive and negative symptoms; fewer side effects but does not provide a cure.
Drug Action and Effects
- Potassium: Administer IV at 1 mEq per 10 mL, max rate is 10 mEq/hr; no IV push.
- Aspirin: NSAID that effectiveness can be reduced by steroids.
- Ibuprofen: Increase in creatinine levels; monitor for GI bleeding.
- Montelukast: Leukotriene modifier that may lead to rare suicidal thoughts; prevents airway edema.
- Metoclopramide: Tardive dyskinesia is a serious adverse effect; aids in gastric emptying.
- Fluticasone: Long-acting corticosteroid; rinse mouth after use to prevent oral candidiasis.
Pharmacological Principles
- Pharmacokinetics: Includes Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME).
- Loading Dose: A large initial dose to quickly achieve therapeutic drug concentration.
- First Pass Effect: Medication metabolism in the liver; IV route bypasses this effect.
- Absorption: Movement of a substance across a body membrane into circulating fluids.
- Excretion: The process of eliminating medications from the body.
Special Considerations
- Sildenafil: Contraindicated with nitroglycerin usage due to potential hypotension.
- The effect of Antibiotics: May reduce the effectiveness of hormonal medications like Estradiol.
- Oral Meds: Should not be given if bowel sounds are absent.
- Benzodiazepines: Diazepam prototype; caution with opioids as it is a CNS depressant.
Monitoring and Safety
- Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin requires monitoring renal function; oliguria is an adverse effect to watch for.
- Codeine as a cough suppressant may cause concern when taken with other opioids.
- Always consider patient history with medications, especially for those with liver or kidney issues.
General Knowledge
- Antiemetic: Ondansetron is used prior to triggers like nausea.
- Bactericidal vs. Bacteriostatic: Bactericidal kills bacteria while bacteriostatic inhibits growth.
- Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: Effective for UTIs but avoid in pregnant women due to risks.
- Sulfasalazine: Used for ulcerative colitis; relieves symptoms but does not cure the disease.
Administration Guidelines
- Fastest efficacy order: IV > sublingual > oral liquid > oral tablets > enteric coated.
- Avoid crushing extended release or enteric-coated medications.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various pharmacological concepts including side effects, medication types, and their specific uses. This quiz covers essential topics from managing side effects to understanding drug trade names and treatments for conditions like asthma and fungal infections.
