Questions and Answers
What is a common side effect of oxytocin when administered during delivery?
What condition does finasteride primarily treat?
What is a significant consideration when prescribing sulfasalazine?
What is the mechanism of action of orlistat in treating obesity?
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What is the primary purpose of emergency contraception?
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Which medication is specifically indicated for treating chronic constipation associated with opioid use?
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What adverse effect is associated with the use of alendronate?
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What important precaution must be taken while using DMARDs?
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What is an important dosage consideration for vitamin A during pregnancy?
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What is the recommended administration method for antacids to avoid reduced absorption?
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What is a common severe side effect of long-term use of PPIs?
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How does Isotonic fluid replacement affect the body's fluid compartments?
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What is the primary action of Misoprostol in treating peptic ulcer disease?
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What effect does smoking have when taking Estradiol or Conjugated estrogen?
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What is a significant concern when administering potassium intravenously?
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What is the primary use of Sodium bicarbonate in medical treatment?
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Which of the following is a contraindication for Conjugated estrogen use?
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What is the mechanism of action for 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in treating BPH?
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What is a serious risk associated with Magnesium Sulfate overdose?
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What is the purpose of TPN in clinical settings?
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What is a major risk associated with prolonged use of terbutaline during pregnancy?
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Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for H2 receptor antagonists?
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What is a serious potential adverse effect of sildenafil?
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What is the main complication associated with hormone replacement therapy identified in the review?
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How does bismuth subsalicylate contribute to detoxification?
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Which vitamin deficiency can be exacerbated by pregnancy and malabsorption disorders?
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What time frame should emergency contraceptives be based upon?
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What is the recommended administration frequency for medroxyprogesterone?
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What effect does St. John's Wort have on norethindrone?
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Study Notes
Hormones and Medications Overview
- Oxytocin: Produced by the pituitary, induces uterine contractions; administers during delivery to regulate contractions and prevent postpartum hemorrhaging. Major side effect includes rapid, painful contractions.
- Finasteride: Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), alleviates nocturia; side effects may lead to sexual dysfunction and impaired fertility.
- Sulfasalazine: Used for ulcerative colitis, carries risk of hepatotoxicity; caution advised for patients with severe hepatic or renal issues.
- Orlistat: Prescribed for obesity management, inhibits fat absorption.
- Emergency Contraception: Administration depends on the timing of intercourse; effective as a post-coital contraceptive.
- Methylnaltrexone: Address chronic constipation in patients on opioids; suitable for advanced cancer patients.
- Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid, provide temporary relief from heartburn. Onset action is within 20-40 minutes; absorption affected by other medications taken within two hours.
- DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs): Slow disease progression, decrease inflammation, often paired with NSAIDs or steroids; risks include infections, liver issues, and bone marrow suppression.
Medications and Treatment Guidelines
- 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Prevent conversion of testosterone; used to shrink enlarged prostate in BPH.
- Vitamin A: Safe in recommended doses during pregnancy; excessive intake can cause fetal malformations.
- Alendronate: A bisphosphonate for osteoporosis, requires administration with a full glass of water; patient should remain upright for 30 minutes post-ingestion.
- Magnesium Sulfate: Utilized to delay preterm labor; sedation and respiratory effects could occur with alcohol use; overdose signs include skin flushing, confusion, and diminished reflexes.
- Bismuth Subsalicylate: Binds to and eliminates toxins, primarily used for diarrhea.
- Terbutaline: A tocolytic agent for preterm labor; prolonged use (over 48-72 hours) may pose serious risks for the fetus.
Pharmacological Considerations
- Sildenafil: Treats erectile dysfunction, contraindicated with nitrates due to hypotension risk; can cause priapism.
- Stool Softeners: Facilitate increased water and fat absorption in stool for easier passage.
- Psyllium: First-line treatment for constipation; requires increased fluid intake and acts over several days.
- Folic Acid: Deficiencies linked to pregnancy, alcohol abuse, and malabsorption disorders.
- H2 Receptor Antagonists: Manage duodenal ulcers and prevent recurrence; interaction with antacids can impede absorption.
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Contraindicated in venous thromboembolism cases, pose increased clot risks.
Risk Factors and Management
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Carries risks such as DVT, myocardial infarction, and dementia; careful evaluation required before initiation.
- Long-term medication use: Prolonged PPIs may raise fracture risk; subsequent supplementation important for bone health.
- Medication efficacy and side effects: Various medications have noted side effects ranging from photosensitivity (norethindrone) to potential dysrhythmias with ondansetron.
- Fluid Management in Therapy: Monitor hydration for those on enteral feedings; adequate fluid intake is essential.
- Colloids and Crystalloids: Used for fluid replacement; appropriateness varies based on clinical indication, such as shock or dehydration.
- Diuretic Management: Address hyperkalemia carefully, ensuring kidney function monitoring; various treatments include calcium gluconate and dialysis.
Special Considerations
- TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition): Requires central line administration and must be removed from the refrigerator 30 minutes prior to use; blood glucose monitoring every six hours.
- Misoprostol: Prevents gastric ulcers, and stimulates mucosal production; important for peptic ulcer disease management.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key hormones such as oxytocin and medications like finasteride used for treating conditions like BPH and ulcerative colitis. This quiz covers vital information regarding their uses, side effects, and mechanisms. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare-related fields.
