Pharmacology Quiz: Hormones and Medications

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Questions and Answers

What is a common side effect of oxytocin when administered during delivery?

Rapid, painful contractions (correct)

Increased appetite

Nausea

Dizziness

What condition does finasteride primarily treat?

Hypertension

BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) (correct)

Acid reflux

Asthma

What is a significant consideration when prescribing sulfasalazine?

Risk of increased exercise tolerance

Enhanced mood stabilization

Improvement of metabolic rate

Potential for hepatotoxicity (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of orlistat in treating obesity?

Inhibits fat absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of emergency contraception?

Prevent pregnancy after intercourse Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is specifically indicated for treating chronic constipation associated with opioid use?

Methylnaltrexone Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with the use of alendronate?

Esophageal ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What important precaution must be taken while using DMARDs?

Monitoring for bone marrow suppression Signup and view all the answers

What is an important dosage consideration for vitamin A during pregnancy?

Excess can cause fetal malformation Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration method for antacids to avoid reduced absorption?

Two hours before other medications Signup and view all the answers

What is a common severe side effect of long-term use of PPIs?

Increased risk of fractures Signup and view all the answers

How does Isotonic fluid replacement affect the body's fluid compartments?

No fluid shift occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Misoprostol in treating peptic ulcer disease?

Inhibiting gastric acid production Signup and view all the answers

What effect does smoking have when taking Estradiol or Conjugated estrogen?

Increases the risk of adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern when administering potassium intravenously?

It may lead to cardiac arrest if given IVP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Sodium bicarbonate in medical treatment?

To treat metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for Conjugated estrogen use?

Abnormal uterine bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in treating BPH?

Prevents testosterone conversion to DHT Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious risk associated with Magnesium Sulfate overdose?

Skin flushing and confusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of TPN in clinical settings?

To deliver nutrition intravenously for patients unable to eat Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk associated with prolonged use of terbutaline during pregnancy?

Fetal death Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators?

History of venous thromboembolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for H2 receptor antagonists?

Block enzymes that secrete hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious potential adverse effect of sildenafil?

Priapism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication associated with hormone replacement therapy identified in the review?

Increased risk of dementia Signup and view all the answers

How does bismuth subsalicylate contribute to detoxification?

Binds to and eliminates toxins Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can be exacerbated by pregnancy and malabsorption disorders?

Folic acid Signup and view all the answers

What time frame should emergency contraceptives be based upon?

Time elapsed since intercourse Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended administration frequency for medroxyprogesterone?

Every 3 months Signup and view all the answers

What effect does St. John's Wort have on norethindrone?

Increases risk of breakthrough bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormones and Medications Overview

Oxytocin: Produced by the pituitary, induces uterine contractions; administers during delivery to regulate contractions and prevent postpartum hemorrhaging. Major side effect includes rapid, painful contractions.
Finasteride: Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), alleviates nocturia; side effects may lead to sexual dysfunction and impaired fertility.
Sulfasalazine: Used for ulcerative colitis, carries risk of hepatotoxicity; caution advised for patients with severe hepatic or renal issues.
Orlistat: Prescribed for obesity management, inhibits fat absorption.
Emergency Contraception: Administration depends on the timing of intercourse; effective as a post-coital contraceptive.
Methylnaltrexone: Address chronic constipation in patients on opioids; suitable for advanced cancer patients.
Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid, provide temporary relief from heartburn. Onset action is within 20-40 minutes; absorption affected by other medications taken within two hours.
DMARDs (Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs): Slow disease progression, decrease inflammation, often paired with NSAIDs or steroids; risks include infections, liver issues, and bone marrow suppression.

Medications and Treatment Guidelines

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Prevent conversion of testosterone; used to shrink enlarged prostate in BPH.
Vitamin A: Safe in recommended doses during pregnancy; excessive intake can cause fetal malformations.
Alendronate: A bisphosphonate for osteoporosis, requires administration with a full glass of water; patient should remain upright for 30 minutes post-ingestion.
Magnesium Sulfate: Utilized to delay preterm labor; sedation and respiratory effects could occur with alcohol use; overdose signs include skin flushing, confusion, and diminished reflexes.
Bismuth Subsalicylate: Binds to and eliminates toxins, primarily used for diarrhea.
Terbutaline: A tocolytic agent for preterm labor; prolonged use (over 48-72 hours) may pose serious risks for the fetus.

Pharmacological Considerations

Sildenafil: Treats erectile dysfunction, contraindicated with nitrates due to hypotension risk; can cause priapism.
Stool Softeners: Facilitate increased water and fat absorption in stool for easier passage.
Psyllium: First-line treatment for constipation; requires increased fluid intake and acts over several days.
Folic Acid: Deficiencies linked to pregnancy, alcohol abuse, and malabsorption disorders.
H2 Receptor Antagonists: Manage duodenal ulcers and prevent recurrence; interaction with antacids can impede absorption.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Contraindicated in venous thromboembolism cases, pose increased clot risks.

Risk Factors and Management

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Carries risks such as DVT, myocardial infarction, and dementia; careful evaluation required before initiation.
Long-term medication use: Prolonged PPIs may raise fracture risk; subsequent supplementation important for bone health.
Medication efficacy and side effects: Various medications have noted side effects ranging from photosensitivity (norethindrone) to potential dysrhythmias with ondansetron.
Fluid Management in Therapy: Monitor hydration for those on enteral feedings; adequate fluid intake is essential.
Colloids and Crystalloids: Used for fluid replacement; appropriateness varies based on clinical indication, such as shock or dehydration.
Diuretic Management: Address hyperkalemia carefully, ensuring kidney function monitoring; various treatments include calcium gluconate and dialysis.

Special Considerations

TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition): Requires central line administration and must be removed from the refrigerator 30 minutes prior to use; blood glucose monitoring every six hours.
Misoprostol: Prevents gastric ulcers, and stimulates mucosal production; important for peptic ulcer disease management.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key hormones such as oxytocin and medications like finasteride used for treating conditions like BPH and ulcerative colitis. This quiz covers vital information regarding their uses, side effects, and mechanisms. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare-related fields.