Organizational Perception and Learning Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is perception?

A complex cognitive process that yields a unique picture of the world (correct)

An automatic reaction to stimuli

A simple sensory impression of the environment

A process of ignoring sensory input

What does cognition involve?

Reacting automatically to stimuli

Creating sensory impressions

Knowing an item of information (correct)

Ignoring sensory input

What are the sources of information involved in the cognitive process?

Only internal factors

Physical, social, cultural, environmental, and internal factors (correct)

Social and environmental factors only

Only physical factors

What are external stimuli?

Factors like weather, light, sound, smell, and sight Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stimuli in perception?

Enabling or disabling factor to act or not to act within an individual Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to determining social identity according to the text?

Demographics, social status, income, race, and organization Signup and view all the answers

What does perceptual context in a group setting refer to?

The structure and culture of a group Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for building a defense against stimuli that are personally or culturally unacceptable or threatening?

Perceptual defense Signup and view all the answers

What affects interpretation in organizational behavior according to the text?

Characteristics of the perceiver and the situation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the information selected from the external environment through stimuli, organized and interpreted by cognitive processes, turning into perception?

Perceptual output Signup and view all the answers

What is the halo effect?

Biased perceptions based on a single trait, affecting objectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is selective perception?

Focusing on certain aspects of the environment due to defense mechanisms and beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is attribution focused on when explaining behavior?

Internal or external causes for behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does Kelly's model suggest influences casual attributions?

Consistency cues, consensus cues, and distinctiveness cues Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Underestimating external causes and overestimating internal causes on behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does the perceptual process involve?

Receiving, selecting, and organizing sensory stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors affecting perceptual selectivity?

Intensity, size, contrast, repetition, motion, novelty, and familiarity Signup and view all the answers

What influences perceptual set?

Professional experience, knowledge, and emotional state Signup and view all the answers

What principle is involved in organizing inputs in perceptual organization?

Figure-Ground principle Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors of perceptual grouping?

Similarity, closure, continuity, and proximity principles Signup and view all the answers

What is the Golem effect in organizational behavior?

Managers' negative expectations leading to low performance Signup and view all the answers

Which perceptual error can lead to inaccurate perceptions and biases in decision-making?

Recency effect Signup and view all the answers

What is a key strategy for accurate perception in organizational settings?

Self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of impression management used by employees?

Regulate how they are perceived Signup and view all the answers

How is learning defined in organizational behavior?

A change in knowledge or observable behavior resulting from practice or experience Signup and view all the answers

A minimum and desirable level of stress is known as

Mild Stress Signup and view all the answers

Sandra is experiencing a lot of stress at work due to lot of paperwork and tight deadlines. The stress has consequences on her psychology. Which of following changes may be noticed in her ? i. Loss in personal appearance ii. Poor concentration iii. Apathy"

all Signup and view all the answers

Rahil wants to adopt time management technique in order to manage stress at work. He is doing the following things to manage his time. Observe him and correct the step which is not right

More time is allocated to routine work Signup and view all the answers

Sonia is trying to change her food habits in order to control her high blood pressure which is caused due to stress. Which of the following should she consume in order to relieve stress ?

Green tea Signup and view all the answers

The management of Avon Investments is trying to implement methods to give mild stress to the employees to improve effectiveness. They can use all the following methods except _______

No delegation of authority Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizational strategy is not useful in preventing stress for the employees > (Stress Mgmt)

Tall structures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Organizational processes is not a cause of organizational stress

Upward communication Signup and view all the answers

Measures should be taken by an individual to shift personality from type A to B to reduce stress

True Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transaction allows both parties to think rationally and make strategic decisions ?

Adult - Adult Signup and view all the answers

Arun is area sales manager at Phera Nutrition in Punjab. He is trying for getting promoted to the Regional sales manager. However opening for this position is in the South India region and he will have to relocate to Chennai. What type of conflict is he facing ?

Approach – Avoidance conflict Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Kapoor is 60 year old manager who holds traditional view about conflicts whereas Rohan is a 30 year old manager who holds modern view about conflicts. Rohan disagrees with all the points of Mr.Kapoor regarding conflicts except ________

They are inevitable Signup and view all the answers

There is a conflict between people within a group in a company regarding process to be used to achieve the goal. They are thinking of how to resolve the conflict. They finally use a third party arbitrator to resolve the issue and come up with a solution. What type of strategy is this ?

Lose-lose strategy Signup and view all the answers

Shikha is the manager of her department and has formed two groups for a project. There are some conflicts among the group regarding use of resources. She has listed down few strategies to resolve the conflict. As her superior guide her as to where is she wrong ?

Restrict communication between groups to avoid conflict Signup and view all the answers

Sameer is a software programmer in an IT company. He has worked for 2 years and wants to get promoted to the supervisor level. For this he has to clear the technical and management test of the company. He appeared for it and failed. He is frustrated and a uses fixation as a defense mechanism. Which of the following does he do ?

He takes the test gain and again till he passes Signup and view all the answers

Mixed stroking damages interpersonal relations

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the modern view of conflicts?

Conflicts enhance individual and organizational competitive ability Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflicts are concerned with the formation, structure, and process of group tasks and performance?

Process conflicts Signup and view all the answers

What do relationship conflicts mainly relate to?

Interpersonal relations and are mostly dysfunctional Signup and view all the answers

What do functional conflicts enhance within a group?

Group thinking and skill sharing Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves allowing conflict to surface and discussing and resolving the issues?

Containment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the win-win strategy for conflict resolution?

To work out a solution that satisfies both parties Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of inter-group conflicts?

Resistance to communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the lose-lose strategy for conflict resolution?

To ensure both individuals lose Signup and view all the answers

In the context of conflict resolution, what does the Johari window model emphasize?

Self-disclosure and feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of complementary transactions in transactional analysis for conflict resolution?

To establish effective communication Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy involves aiming at solving the problem rather than beating the other party in a conflict?

Win-win strategy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of team building as a conflict resolution strategy?

To encourage people to focus on organizational goals Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict arises when a goal has both positive and negative features?

Approach-avoidance conflict Signup and view all the answers

Which ego state in transactional analysis is characterized by rational, logical, and problem-solving behavior?

Adult (A) ego Signup and view all the answers

In the Johari Window, what does 'blind self' refer to?

Not knowing about oneself but known by others Signup and view all the answers

What type of transaction between ego states can affect the dynamics of interpersonal interactions and conflicts?

Ulterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of intra-personal conflict arising from conflicting expectations and inadequately defined roles?

Role conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for recognizing the presence of others, which can be positive, negative, sarcastic, or mixed?

Stroking Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conflict occurs when a motivated drive is blocked before reaching a desired goal?

Frustration Signup and view all the answers

What does 'open self' in the Johari Window refer to?

Knowing about oneself and others Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conflict arises due to competing needs and roles?

Role conflict Signup and view all the answers

What are the three ego states in transactional analysis?

Child (C) ego, Adult (A) ego, Parent (P) ego Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concept based on open self, hidden self, blind self, and undiscovered self, affecting interpersonal conflict based on self-awareness and knowledge of others?

Johari Window Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict arises when a goal has both positive and negative features, leading to a struggle in decision-making?

Approach-avoidance conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a group and a team?

Groups are formed based on voluntary participation, while teams are selected based on skill requirement for a specific purpose Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of synergy in team activity?

It results in higher performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of teamwork in a team?

Achieving a common purpose with collective accountability Signup and view all the answers

How do team members contribute to tasks in comparison to individuals in a group?

Team members contribute collectively like a single individual performing the task Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical success factor for virtual teams?

State-of-the-art IT Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of empowered teams?

Encourage creativity Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition for effective team empowerment?

Encourage employees to take risks Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of virtual teams?

Dependency on IT Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates virtual teams from normal teams?

Virtual teams are dependent on IT Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of empowered teams' vision formulation?

Formulate a vision Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of virtual teams' organizational boundaries?

Loose organizational boundaries Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of effective team empowerment?

Encourage employees to take risks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an essential condition for team building?

Diverse skill sets Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not contribute to increasing team cohesiveness?

High turnover rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of team building interventions?

Improving task accomplishment and relations between team members Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a type of team as described in the text?

Collaborative teams Signup and view all the answers

What do team norms encompass?

Appearance, social, and performance norms Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of employee empowerment?

Enabling lower-level employees to make decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of job enrichment?

Providing decision-making authority and responsibility Signup and view all the answers

What are the ingredients of team building as explained in the text?

Complementary skills, fostering team member relationships, addressing high-priority problems Signup and view all the answers

What does conformity involve in the context of team behavior?

Aligning behavior with team norms Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of team leader as described in the text?

Guiding and directing the team's activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of team building goals as outlined in the text?

Directing member skills and behavior towards business goals Signup and view all the answers

What are team building strategies focused on as per the text?

Selecting members with diverse skills Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Sharma, manager of Yeti Foods, made a work team for aimproving production for his company. He covered all the following aspects for making his team work successfully except ________

He delineated the activity into individual roles Signup and view all the answers

Soha is member of a team formed for the marketing campaign. She makes a cohesive plan, understands interrelation of tasks, and maintains networks. What role is she playing in the team ?

Coordinator Signup and view all the answers

A high performance team has been set up by the management of Ace Ventures. Which of the following is true about this team ?

Dependency on physical meeting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true about Team Building Strategies ?

Members have same skill set Signup and view all the answers

________________ is the degree to which team members confirm to team norms and are attracted to each other

Team cohesiveness Signup and view all the answers

Self-managed work teams have been by UC Financial. Which of the following is not a benefit of self-managed work teams ?

Increase in management levels Signup and view all the answers

A group of employees had been formed by the manager. The group was highly cohesive for the initial period. However after some time there was decrease in cohesiveness. Which of the factor would be responsible for decrease in group cohesiveness ?

Group members have no common threats Signup and view all the answers

Ajay acts as a challenger in the team. Which of the following statement is not correct about his role as a challenger?

He handles confidential information Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teams are used for assembly lines ?

Loose teams Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication flows from lower to higher level in organizational hierarchy?

Upward communication Signup and view all the answers

What type of groups are preferred by modern organizations for their ability to bring variety of information useful for organizational strategies and creativity demanding tasks?

Diversified groups Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication network follows the authority chain and is limited to task-related communication?

Formal network Signup and view all the answers

What type of groups perform certain activities more efficiently such as decision making?

Small groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of effective groups as per the text?

Decisions based on agreement and not majority voting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the development of groups in organizations according to the text?

Organizational goals cannot be achieved by individuals, it requires group efforts Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the factors for the development of groups as mentioned in the text?

Groups provide the benefit of synergy Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of effective groups' purpose formulation as per the text?

Purpose should be formulated, understood and accepted by members Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of group formation as outlined in Tuckman's Five Stage Model?

Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between formal groups and informal groups?

Formal groups are officially formed and relatively permanent, while informal groups are formed based on social needs and psychological factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of informal groups?

Social relations, recognition for achievement, and release of frustration Signup and view all the answers

What do group norms represent?

Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that vary from group to group Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of someone occupying a given position in a social unit?

Expected behavior patterns attributed to that position Signup and view all the answers

What does group cohesiveness influence?

Productivity and member retention Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor that affects group dynamics and decision-making?

Social loafing Signup and view all the answers

What are the disadvantages of group decisions?

Conflict between individual and organizational goals, social loafing, and inequity in contributions Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of informal groups?

Natural, family, organized, apathetic, erratic, strategic, and conservative Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect formal groups?

Organizational structure, job design, performance appraisal, and organizational culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of group decisions?

Enhancing organizational productivity and efficiency through collaborative effort and balanced decisions with less risk Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of group cohesiveness?

Influencing productivity and member retention Signup and view all the answers

As a human resources information system with integrated process gates implemented, firms often need to ___ the organization.

Restructure Signup and view all the answers

Being Ethical at the work place is initiative taken by the organization, can be supported by which of the following ways;

Dedicated to Hours to work ethically Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Perception and Learning in Organizational Behavior

The Golem effect occurs when managers have negative expectations of subordinates, leading to low performance due to lack of support and confidence.
Perceptual errors such as the recency effect and projection bias can lead to inaccurate perceptions and biases in decision-making.
Strategies for accurate perception include self-awareness, empathy, positive attitude, and open communication.
Avoiding attributions, seeking complete information, and controlling internal factors are key to perceiving accurately.
Perception in organizational settings directly impacts employee performance, customer service, product quality, financial performance, and corporate image.
Performance appraisal evaluates employee behavior and accomplishments based on results rather than efforts.
Biases in performance appraisal include the halo effect, central tendency error, leniency, strictness, personal prejudice, and recency effect.
Impression management is used by employees to regulate how they are perceived, aiming for higher ratings and career advancement.
Impression management strategies include enhancing positive outcomes, hiding weaknesses, and associating with positive individuals.
Job interviewees use techniques like self-presentation, self-promotion, personal stories, opinion conformity, and flattery to manage impressions.
Organizations create a positive corporate image through annual reports, advertising, and employer branding to attract and retain talent.
Learning in organizational behavior is defined as a change in knowledge or observable behavior resulting from practice or experience.

Intra-Personal and Interpersonal Conflict: Analysis and Types

Intra-personal conflict arises due to competing needs and roles, frustration, goal conflict, and role conflict.
Frustration occurs when a motivated drive is blocked before reaching a desired goal, leading to defense mechanisms like aggression and withdrawal.
Goal conflict occurs when a goal has both positive and negative features, leading to approach-approach, approach-avoidance, or avoidance-avoidance conflicts.
Role conflict arises from conflicting expectations and inadequately defined roles, especially for managers who have to play multiple roles.
Interpersonal or intra-group conflicts are analyzed through transactional analysis, focusing on ego states, transactions, and stroking.
Ego states in transactional analysis include Child (C) ego, Adult (A) ego, and Parent (P) ego, each with distinct characteristics.
Transactions between ego states can be complementary, crossed, or ulterior, affecting the dynamics of interpersonal interactions and conflicts.
Stroking, or recognizing the presence of others, can be positive, negative, sarcastic, or mixed, influencing interpersonal relationships and conflicts.
The Johari Window is based on the concept of open self, hidden self, blind self, and undiscovered self, affecting interpersonal conflict based on self-awareness and knowledge of others.
Open self refers to knowing about oneself and others, leading to openness and compatibility, reducing interpersonal conflict.
Hidden self refers to knowing about oneself but not about others, potentially leading to interpersonal conflict due to lack of understanding.
Overall, intra-personal and interpersonal conflicts stem from a variety of sources, including frustration, competing goals, conflicting roles, and complex dynamics of human personality and interactions.

Types of Teams and Team Building Strategies

The text describes various types of teams including work teams, high performance teams, improvement teams, and executive teams, each with specific purposes and characteristics.
Team building strategies involve selecting members with diverse skills, promoting cross-functional and cross-cultural communication, and developing strong bonds with other formal and informal teams.
Team building interventions include diagnosing barriers to effective team performance, improving task accomplishment and relations between team members, and understanding and managing group process and culture.
Essential conditions for team building include clear roles for every member, collective responsibility, and a unified team voice.
Ingredients of team building include complementary skills, fostering team member relationships, addressing high-priority problems, and developing realistic action plans.
Team building goals involve directing member skills and behavior towards business goals, enhancing creativity and morale, improving synergy for higher productivity, and developing problem-solving skills.
The text explains various team roles such as team leader, challenger, implementer, external contact, coordinator, idea generator, inspector, contributor, collaborator, and communicator, each with specific activities and responsibilities.
Team norms are standards of behavior expected from team members, and they vary from team to team, encompassing appearance, social, and performance norms.
Conformity involves employees aligning their behavior with the norms of the team.
Team cohesiveness increases with factors such as spending more time together, small team size, close interaction, agreement on common goals, competition with other teams, homogeneity among members, interdependent efforts, and performance success or failure.
Employee empowerment refers to enabling lower-level employees to make decisions required for carrying out their duties and implementing them, leading to better customer service and organizational restructuring.
Job enrichment provides employees with decision-making authority, responsibility, and accountability, fulfilling esteem needs through self-management.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Decisions

Group decisions enhance organizational productivity and efficiency through collaborative effort and balanced decisions with less risk
Disadvantages of group decisions include conflict between individual and organizational goals, social loafing, and inequity in contributions
Types of groups include formal, informal, command, task, interest, friendship, primary, and coalitions
Tuckman's Five Stage Model outlines the stages of group formation as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
Formal groups are officially formed and relatively permanent, while informal groups are formed based on social needs and psychological factors
Factors affecting formal groups include organizational structure, job design, performance appraisal, and organizational culture
Reasons for the formation of informal groups include social relations, recognition for achievement, and release of frustration
Types of informal groups include natural, family, organized, apathetic, erratic, strategic, and conservative
Group norms are acceptable standards of behavior within a group and vary from group to group
Roles within a group are expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit
Group cohesiveness is the degree to which group members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group, influencing productivity
Social loafing, loss of individuality, and group leadership are important factors that affect group dynamics and decision-making

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Description

Test your knowledge of perception, learning, and behavioral dynamics in organizational settings with this quiz. Explore topics such as the Golem effect, perceptual errors, strategies for accurate perception, biases in performance appraisal, impression management, and corporate image creation. Perfect for individuals seeking to understand the impact of perception and learning in organizational behavior.