24 Questions
What is the primary source of status, according to the status characteristics theory?
All of the above
Which of the following is a consequence of status inequity?
Resentment and corrective behavior
What is the primary advantage of large groups?
Gaining diverse input
What is the result of stigma by association?
Status inequity
What is the primary disadvantage of diversity in groups?
Increased group conflict
What is the result of high status individuals deviating from norms?
More freedom to deviate from norms
What is the primary advantage of smaller groups?
Doing something with input
What is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone?
Social loafing
What is the primary reason why people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group?
Because their self-esteem gets tied into the performance of the group.
What is the term for when we see members of our group as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same?
Ingroup favoritism
What is the result of social identity threat on an individual's behavior?
They lose confidence and performance effectiveness.
What is the relationship between ingroups and outgroups?
Whenever there is an ingroup, there is by necessity an outgroup.
What is the concept that is akin to stereotype threat?
Social identity threat
What is the primary function of social identities?
To help us understand who we are and where we fit in with people.
What is the result of ingroup favoritism?
It creates a sense of superiority among ingroup members.
What is the relationship between social identity and self-esteem?
Social identity is a determinant of self-esteem.
What is the primary goal of organizational CSR initiatives in regards to employee behavior?
To align employee thinking with positive norms
What is the expected outcome when positive group norms are present?
Positive outcomes are possible only if other factors are present
What type of deviant workplace behavior is characterized by intentionally working slowly?
Production deviance
Which of the following is an example of political deviance in the workplace?
Gossiping and spreading rumors
What is the primary difference between collectivist and individualist cultures in regards to norms?
Collectivist cultures have different norms
What is the ultimate outcome of aligning employee thinking with positive norms?
The probability of positive impact grows exponentially
What is the primary reason why positive group norms may not lead to positive outcomes?
Other factors are not present
Which of the following is NOT an example of deviant workplace behavior?
Attending a team meeting
Study Notes
Group Dynamics and Identity
- People's self-esteem is tied to their group's performance, leading to emotional reactions to success or failure.
- Social identities help individuals understand who they are and where they fit in with others.
Ingroups and Outgroups
- Ingroup favoritism occurs when individuals see members of their group as better than others and perceive outsiders as all the same.
- The existence of an ingroup necessarily creates an outgroup, which is often an identified group known by the ingroup's members.
Social Identity Threat
- Ingroups and outgroups can lead to social identity threat, which is similar to stereotype threat.
- Individuals may believe they will be negatively evaluated due to their association with a devalued group, leading to a loss of confidence and performance effectiveness.
The Punctuated Equilibrium Model
- The model illustrates that our orientation can be changed, even after years of living in one society.
Status and Size Differences
- Status is a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.
- Status can be derived from three sources: power over others, ability to contribute to group goals, and personal characteristics.
- High-status individuals often have more freedom to deviate from norms, are more assertive, and can create status inequity and stigmatization.
- Group size affects the group's overall behavior, with large groups being good for gaining diverse input and smaller groups being better at doing something with input.
- Social loafing can occur in large groups, where individuals exert less effort when working collectively than alone.
Integrating Cohesiveness and Diversity
- Diversity refers to the degree to which group members are similar to or different from one another.
- Diversity can increase group conflict, especially in the short term.
- Integrating cohesiveness and diversity is crucial for group effectiveness.
Norms and Group Behavior
- Positive norms can lead to positive outcomes, but only if other factors are present.
- Norms can exert influence on an individual's behavior, and positive group norms can beget positive outcomes.
- Deviant workplace behavior can be categorized into production, property, political, and personal aggression.
Norms and Culture
- Norms can vary between collectivist and individualist cultures.
- Cultural differences can influence the way norms are perceived and implemented.
This quiz covers the emotional reactions to group performance, social identities, and types of groups in the context of organizational behavior.
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