Understanding Conflict in Groups
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Questions and Answers

What initiates the conflict process according to the definition provided?

  • Perception of a positive interaction
  • Perception of negative impact on something valued (correct)
  • Agreement among parties
  • Absence of opposition

    • Which type of conflict is characterized as supporting group goals and improving performance?

  • Dysfunctional conflict
  • Functional conflict (correct)
  • Covert conflict
  • Open conflict

    • What is a key characteristic of dysfunctional conflict in a team setting?

  • Distracts from the team's task (correct)
  • Promotes team collaboration
  • Enhances creativity and solutions
  • Encourages open debate

    • Which of the following statements about conflict is incorrect?

    <p>Conflict can only be violent or overt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In contemporary perspectives, functional conflict typically results in which of the following outcomes?

    <p>Improved group performance and productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the perception of conflict require to exist?

    <p>Awareness of opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary difference between functional and dysfunctional conflict?

    <p>Functional conflict improves performance whereas dysfunctional conflict hinders it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is not considered a type of conflict within the contemporary perspective?

    <p>Organizational conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to negotiators who have no alternative to an agreement?

    <p>They may ignore the consequences of failed negotiations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should negotiators do before starting a negotiation?

    <p>Establish ground rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the clarification and justification step in negotiations?

    <p>To educate each other on issues and demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing negotiation effectiveness?

    <p>Physical appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might agreeable individuals struggle in negotiations?

    <p>They tend to be cooperative and conflict-averse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait has a weak link to negotiation outcomes?

    <p>Agreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do moods and emotions typically influence negotiations?

    <p>Their impact varies based on the emotion and context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key outcome of effective negotiation?

    <p>Achieving an agreement favored by both sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which negotiator trait is likely to stem from high self-efficacy?

    <p>Confidence that intimidates others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does empathy play in negotiation effectiveness?

    <p>It helps understand and respond to the other party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might agreeable individuals feel in integrative negotiations compared to distributive negotiations?

    <p>Less stressed in integrative negotiations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What often leads to less effective negotiation for extraverted individuals?

    <p>Sharing more information than is necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step should follow the exchange of initial proposals in negotiation?

    <p>Bargaining and problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements best reflects the relationship between personality traits and negotiation outcomes?

    <p>The effectiveness of traits can depend on the context of negotiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of the conflict process?

    <p>Potential opposition or incompatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of conditions that can create opportunities for conflict?

    <p>Resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of intense intergroup conflict among team members?

    <p>Stress impacting interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of conflict, being peripheral in a group allows individuals to better manage conflicts with which of the following?

    <p>Members of competing teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates structural conflict?

    <p>Charlotte's interactions with the credit manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential source of communication-related conflict?

    <p>Misunderstandings or semantic difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does overcommunication affect potential conflict?

    <p>Increases the potential for conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the variables such as group size and leadership style in relation to conflict?

    <p>Structural variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of having a reputation for integrity in negotiations?

    <p>It opens up options that may not be available to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of a certain amount of intragroup conflict?

    <p>Enhanced team performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do repeated negotiations affect interpersonal relationships?

    <p>They allow for the development of emotional bonds over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome may occur if individuals JIA and MARCUS on the same team have interpersonal conflict?

    <p>Progress may be halted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a mediator play in third-party negotiations?

    <p>They facilitate a negotiated solution through reasoning and persuasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may improve team dynamics in the presence of conflict?

    <p>Fostering strong individual relationships among members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of an arbitrator in negotiations?

    <p>They hold the authority to dictate an agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of conflict is least effective in predicting outcomes of intergroup conflict?

    <p>Task conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conflict that does NOT affect interpersonal relationships within a team is termed as:

    <p>Task conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using arbitration over mediation?

    <p>It always results in a settlement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect can impact the effectiveness of mediation?

    <p>The motivation of the conflicting parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can managers effectively build trust in negotiations?

    <p>By accommodating others and acknowledging mistakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can deter successful mediation?

    <p>High levels of conflict intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of a conciliator's role?

    <p>They facilitate informal communication and fact-finding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might conflict be considered constructive in a group setting?

    <p>It can stimulate creativity and initiate necessary change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential downside of arbitration?

    <p>It leaves one party feeling overwhelmingly defeated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is authoritarian management style most appropriate?

    <p>When implementing unpopular actions in emergencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does integrative problem solving involve in negotiations?

    <p>Considering the needs and interests of both sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conflict primarily relates to the content and goals of the work?

    <p>Task conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relationship conflicts are considered dysfunctional primarily because they tend to cause what?

    <p>Increased personality clashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that affects whether task conflicts lead to positive or negative outcomes?

    <p>The location of the conflict in the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can moderate levels of task conflict benefit group performance?

    <p>By engaging all members in important issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Process conflict is associated with which of the following?

    <p>Disputes regarding delegation and roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main risks of high levels of task conflict?

    <p>It can devolve into relationship conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality traits help teams better manage task conflict and enhance performance?

    <p>High openness and emotional stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of conflict, what is intragroup conflict?

    <p>Conflict occurring within a single group or team</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect can moderate task conflict positively impact in a team?

    <p>Team creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of process conflicts often becoming highly personalized?

    <p>They often evolve into relationship conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conflict tends to have the most psychological toll on individuals in the workplace?

    <p>Relationship conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conflict can hinder group performance if it occurs alongside task conflict?

    <p>Relationship conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conflict occurs specifically between two individuals?

    <p>Dyadic conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For task conflict to positively influence performance, what environment is essential?

    <p>A supportive climate where mistakes aren't penalized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between tenure and conflict within an organization?

    <p>Tenure and conflict are inversely related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personal variable is most likely to lead to conflict among colleagues?

    <p>Disagreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does a conflict become personalized, resulting in emotional involvement?

    <p>Stage II: Cognition and Personalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is highlighted as a way to frame a conflict constructively?

    <p>Framing it as a win-win situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of the competing intention in conflict resolution?

    <p>Seeks to meet one's own interests regardless of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intention represents a balance between assertiveness and cooperativeness?

    <p>Compromising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely outcome when a group has high turnover and younger members?

    <p>Increased likelihood of conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do negative emotions play in conflict according to the content?

    <p>Encourage competitive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes avoiding as a conflict-handling intention?

    <p>Withdraws from or suppresses the conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can differences in preferences among group members contribute to conflict?

    <p>They generate higher levels of status conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collaborating in conflict resolution?

    <p>Prioritizing one party's interests above all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception might lead to conflict escalation?

    <p>Misinterpreting the other party's intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do personal variables influence potential for conflict?

    <p>They encompass traits that can lead to disagreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of accommodating in conflict resolution?

    <p>Placing the opponent’s interests above one's own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of conflict do behaviors like demands and threats occur?

    <p>Stage IV: Behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes compromising from accommodating in conflict management?

    <p>Compromising requires both parties to give up something</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a functional outcome of conflict?

    <p>Improved decision quality and innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is typically associated with the avoidance strategy?

    <p>Refusal to discuss conflict issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does collaboration differ from competing in conflict resolution?

    <p>Collaboration focuses on creating collective solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might occur if conflicts escalate to a highly destructive range?

    <p>Dysfunctional impacts on performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conflict management technique involves balancing both parties’ needs without full satisfaction?

    <p>Compromising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about conflict behaviors?

    <p>Avoidance leads to productive outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential benefit of mild conflicts in groups?

    <p>Enhanced energy and engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage follows the behavior stage in the conflict process?

    <p>Stage V: Outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context can conflict be constructive?

    <p>When it drives curiosity and creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes functional conflict from dysfunctional conflict in organizations?

    <p>Functional conflict results in better communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is generally NOT associated with functional conflict?

    <p>Acts of violent aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should managers best address superficial disagreements?

    <p>Encourage open discussion focused on interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors would likely lead to worse group performance?

    <p>Avoiding conflict discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most effective ways to enhance group performance during conflicts?

    <p>Focusing on shared interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cultural context are individuals more likely to indirectly resolve conflicts?

    <p>Collectivist cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential negative effect of excessive collaboration in a team?

    <p>Formation of subgroups leading to mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is frequently preferred by U.S. managers when facing conflicts?

    <p>Competing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major outcome can result from unmanaged conflict within a group?

    <p>Reduced effectiveness of the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue in cross-cultural negotiations?

    <p>Lower levels of trust between parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conflict management approach is likely favored in collectivist cultures?

    <p>Collaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen when conflicts are left unaddressed within a group?

    <p>Total breakdown of group function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contributes to the effectiveness of groups that successfully manage conflicts?

    <p>Discussion of differences of opinion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative consequence of dysfunctional conflict as mentioned?

    <p>Subordination of group goals to infighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate way for opposing groups to handle their issues?

    <p>Pick parts of the solution that are important to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception does functional conflict challenge?

    <p>All conflict leads to dissatisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances can showing anger in negotiations be effective?

    <p>When the anger is perceived as genuine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does showing disappointment have in negotiations?

    <p>It yields better outcomes for the negotiator expressing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does anxiety impact a negotiator's behavior?

    <p>It results in quicker responses and worse outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cultural context play in negotiation effectiveness?

    <p>Negotiators generally perform better within their own culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cross-cultural negotiations, what trait is especially beneficial for negotiators?

    <p>Openness to experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically happens when U.S. negotiators encounter an angry counterpart?

    <p>They generally capitulate or ease their demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common stereotype regarding gender differences in negotiations?

    <p>Men negotiate more aggressively than women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about emotional unpredictability in negotiation?

    <p>It can extract more concessions from the counterpart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these emotions tends to lead to more concessions from a counterpart?

    <p>Disappointment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to be the negotiation behavior of women compared to men?

    <p>Women tend to negotiate in a more accommodating manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural background influence negotiation strategies?

    <p>Strategies vary significantly depending on cultural context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In negotiations, if a negotiator has shown a history of anger, it tends to be perceived as:

    <p>A method to drive better bargains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotion is suggested to lead to deceptions in negotiations?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do negotiators from China and Qatar typically differ from those in the United States?

    <p>They generally favor a competitive negotiation strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of integrative bargaining over distributive bargaining?

    <p>It fosters long-term relationships between negotiators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if parties quickly compromise in a negotiation?

    <p>They may fail to explore each other's underlying interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BATNA stand for in negotiation contexts?

    <p>Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is essential for integrative bargaining to succeed?

    <p>There is a shared trust and candid communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might organizations default to distributive bargaining strategies?

    <p>Due to a lack of trust and openness between parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the negotiation process as outlined?

    <p>Preparation and planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive bargaining?

    <p>It often results in one party feeling like a loser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might employees' personal characteristics influence during negotiations?

    <p>The type of negotiating strategies they utilize.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example of sibling bargaining over an orange, what does the example illustrate?

    <p>How hidden interests can lead to win-win solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should negotiators consider about relationships during the negotiation process?

    <p>Considering the relationship can lead to better long-term outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of a negotiator feeling positive about their previous outcomes?

    <p>They are more inclined to bargain cooperatively in subsequent negotiations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step in the negotiation process?

    <p>Closure and implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can understanding the other party's BATNA help you during negotiations?

    <p>It gives you insight into their potential limits for agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does emotional ambivalence play in integrative bargaining?

    <p>It can facilitate the use of integrative strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to reduce gender differences in negotiation outcomes?

    <p>Defined ranges of negotiation settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situations have women been found to outperform men in negotiations?

    <p>When negotiating on behalf of someone else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior might improve women’s negotiation outcomes in the short term?

    <p>Using feminine charm and assertiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is suggested to negatively impact women in negotiations?

    <p>Seeing ambiguity as a negotiation opportunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic combination helps develop a trustworthy reputation in negotiations?

    <p>Competence and integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organizational cultures affect negotiation outcomes?

    <p>They tend to reinforce gender-stereotypic behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women often experience less confidence before negotiations?

    <p>They anticipate backlash from their assertiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do effective negotiators need to do to build trust?

    <p>Engage in honest behavior over repeated interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can stereotypes negatively influence negotiation outcomes?

    <p>They lead to larger gender differences in ambiguous situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what context do women tend to negotiate more successfully?

    <p>In low-role incongruity situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason men and women achieve more equal outcomes in negotiations?

    <p>With experience present at the negotiation table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does research suggest about managerial women's attitudes in negotiations?

    <p>They demonstrate less confidence despite similar outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does having a reputation for trustworthiness impact negotiations?

    <p>It opens opportunities for win-win negotiation strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should organizations do to minimize gender disparities in negotiations?

    <p>Promote awareness of diverse negotiating behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes distributive bargaining from integrative bargaining?

    <p>Distributive bargaining operates under zero-sum conditions, while integrative seeks mutual benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a negotiation, what is the 'fixed pie' concept?

    <p>The idea that resources are limited and must be divided between parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effective strategy when engaged in distributive bargaining?

    <p>Make the first offer and ensure it is aggressive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the aspiration range play in negotiation?

    <p>It represents the area in which both parties can reach an agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does integrative bargaining differ in focus compared to distributive bargaining?

    <p>Integrative bargaining seeks to create new value rather than dividing existing resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does making an initial aggressive offer in negotiation demonstrate?

    <p>Power and the potential to lead the negotiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of Jake's refusal to communicate with designers during cash-flow issues?

    <p>It undermined their long-term relationships with suppliers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of negotiators during integrative bargaining?

    <p>Creating value through collaboration and understanding interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it often a mistake to undervalue your initial salary request in negotiations?

    <p>It can result in settling for significantly less than what is reasonable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'distributive bargaining'?

    <p>It seeks to divide a fixed amount of resources in a competitive manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of effective information sharing in integrative bargaining?

    <p>It can help identify shared interests and create value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one risk associated with the anchoring bias in negotiations?

    <p>It may lead parties to fixate on initial offers and ignore new evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major implication of negotiation skills in loosely structured organizations?

    <p>Effective negotiation can enhance relationships even without direct authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Defining Conflict

    • Conflict is a perceived incompatibility or opposition leading to interaction and disagreement.
    • Conflict arises when one party believes another has negatively impacted or will negatively impact something they value.
    • Conflict levels vary from subtle disagreements to overt violence.
    • Conflict's role in groups/organizations isn't universally positive or negative; different types have different effects.

    Types of Conflict

    • Task conflict: Disagreements about work content or goals. Can be functional if managed well.
    • Relationship conflict: Disagreements stemming from interpersonal relationships. Almost always dysfunctional; increases personality clashes, hinders understanding.
    • Process conflict: Disagreements about how work should be done. Often leads to negative outcomes or personal conflicts.

    Loci of Conflict

    • Dyadic conflict: Conflict between two people.
    • Intragroup conflict: Conflict within a group or team. Can be functional if managed constructively. A supportive climate and shared goals are important.
    • Intergroup conflict: Conflict between different groups or teams. Often inevitable when groups compete for resources or desired outcomes. Managing intergroup conflict is crucial. Individuals at the periphery within their group sometimes can manage intergroup conflict more effectively if they maintain accountability to their group.

    The Conflict Process

    • Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility: Factors causing conflict. This includes communication (misunderstandings), structure (group size, specialization), and personal variables (personality, emotions, values). Potential for conflict increases with either too little or too much communication. Long-term tenure reduces the risk of conflict.
    • Stage II: Cognition and Personalization: Potential opposition becomes actualized if a party perceives a negative effect. It moves to felt conflict when emotions (anxiety, tension, frustration) are involved. Conflict issues are defined. Perceptions are shaped by emotions. Positive emotions foster broader problem-solving; negative emotions hinder it.
    • Stage III: Intentions: Decisions to act in a specific way. How parties intend to handle the conflict determines the conflict's outcome (competing, collaborating, avoiding, accommodating, compromising).
    • Stage IV: Behavior: This is where conflict becomes visible – statements, actions, and reactions. Conflict intensity varies along a continuum from mild disagreement to destructive violence. Open communication and interest-based solutions are crucial.
    • Stage V: Outcomes: This phase involves the consequences of actions and reactions.

    Negotiation Styles

    • Distributive bargaining: Focuses on dividing a fixed resource (e.g., price of a car). It's a win-lose situation.
    • Integrative bargaining: Aims for a win-win solution by prioritizing shared gains and exploring each party's interests. Leads to improved relationships and more creative solutions. Integrative strategies are ideal for long-term relations, while distributive strategies can be valuable in later stages.

    Individual Differences in Negotiation Effectiveness

    • Personality (Big Five/agreeableness), mood/emotions, culture, and gender impact negotiation.
    • Agreeable individuals aren't necessarily worse negotiators. Their effectiveness depends on the negotiation situation and their negotiation partner.
    • Negotiators with high self-efficacy tend to perform better.
    • Emotions, especially negative ones, influence outcomes. However, anger, genuinely expressed, can sometimes lead to concessions.
    • Cultural differences affect negotiation styles.
    • Gender differences existed but diminished with more experience and clear terms.

    Third-Party Negotiations

    • Mediator: A neutral facilitator guiding parties toward a solution.
    • Arbitrator: A third party with the power to impose a settlement.
    • Conciliator: A trusted intermediary who improves communication between negotiators.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of conflict, including its definition, types, and dynamics within groups and organizations. Delve into task, relationship, and process conflicts, as well as the different loci of conflict such as dyadic and intragroup conflicts. Understanding these principles is crucial for effective team management and communication.

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