10 Questions
Where is the eukaryotic genome located in a cell?
Nucleus
What is the total length of the DNA molecules in the nucleus of a human cell?
2 meters
How many base pairs are there in the human nuclear genome?
3.2 billion base pairs
Which organelle has its own genome apart from the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
What type of genome has a single circular DNA molecule with no mRNA post-transcriptional modification and no introns or exons splicing?
Prokaryotic genome
Which genome contains linear DNA with multiple long-linear DNA, larger and more complex than the other type of genome?
Eukaryotic genome
What type of DNA consists of exons (coding sequences) and introns (noncoding sequences) with control regions determining gene expression?
Eukaryotic genome
According to the Central Dogma, what was once thought as an uninterrupted coding DNA sequence, but most genes of higher organisms are not?
Eukaryotic genes
What is the process that removes introns by splicing and adds a cap to the 5’ end, along with binding a poly(A) tail to the 3’ end to produce mature mRNA?
RNA splicing
Introns are present in most genes of complex eukaryotes but not found in all eukaryotic genes. Prokaryotic genes usually don't contain introns, but some rare genes do. Which type of genes usually do not contain introns?
Most prokaryotic genes
Study Notes
- Prokaryotic genome: single circular DNA molecule with no mRNA post-transcriptional modification, no introns or exons splicing. Prokaryotic cells usually have a single chromosome.
- Eukaryotic genome: linear DNA (Chromosomes) with multiple long-linear DNA, larger and more complex than prokaryotic genome. Genomes of eukaryotes contain noncoding DNA, accounting for much of their complexity.
- Eukaryotic genome: consists of exons (coding sequences) and introns (noncoding sequences), with control regions determining when, where and how much of that product is synthesized.
- Central Dogma: Each gene was once thought as an uninterrupted coding DNA sequence, but most genes of higher organisms are not.
- Exons and introns: Both exons and introns are transcribed to yield a long primary RNA transcript. Introns are then removed by splicing and added cap to the 5’ end, binding of poly(A) tail to the 3’ end to produce mature mRNA.
- Introns: present in most genes of complex eukaryotes but not found in all eukaryotic genes. Prokaryotic genes usually don't contain introns, but some rare genes do.
- Introns: play important roles during evolution, forming new genes, encoding functional RNA and proteins, and controlling gene expression through alternative splicing.
- Intron Discovery: discovered in 1977 by Sharp and Roberts, received Nobel prize in 1993, studied in Adenovirus genome.
- Functions of Introns: allow a cell to produce multiple proteins from a single gene through alternative splicing, which is a post-transcriptional regulatory process of eukaryotic cells.
Learn about eukaryotic genomes and their organization, including the structure of DNA, the location of the genome in the nucleus, and the concept of chromosomes. This quiz covers the complete genetic information of organisms and the fundamental components of eukaryotic genomes.
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