15 Questions
What is the complete genetic information of an organism called?
Eukaryotic genome
Where is the eukaryotic genome located in a cell?
Nucleus
How many linear DNA molecules make up the eukaryotic genome?
One
How many base pairs are there in the human nuclear genome?
3.2 billion base pairs
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is characterized by:
Exons and introns
Which type of cells contain small circular plasmids?
Prokaryotic cells
The central dogma of gene information flow applies to:
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes
Which type of genes contain introns?
Eukaryotic genes
What process allows a cell to produce multiple proteins from a single gene by including or excluding particular exons from the final mRNA?
Alternative splicing
Which discovery led to the first identification of introns?
Studies on adenovirus gene expression
What percentage of the clotting factor VIII gene consists of exons?
4%
'The chicken ovalbumin gene consists of what percentage of introns?'
75
What features characterize the structure of prokaryotic genomes?
Single circular chromosomes and small circular plasmids
Which statement is true about the structure of eukaryotic genomes?
They have a split structure consisting of exons and introns.
Which type of cells contain control regions that determine when, where, and how much of the product is synthesized?
Eukaryotic cells
Study Notes
- Nucleus and Kromozom discusses the structure and characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.
- Prokaryotic cells generally have a single circular chromosome made of double-stranded DNA, while some may also contain small circular plasmids.
- Eukaryotic genomes are larger and more complex than prokaryotic genomes, with most having a split structure consisting of exons (coding sequences) and introns (non-coding sequences).
- Eukaryotic genes encode for both proteins and RNA, and contain control regions that determine when, where, and how much of the product is synthesized.
- The central dogma states that gene information flows from DNA to RNA to protein, but complex eukaryotic genes have a more complex structure.
- Introns, non-coding sequences found in eukaryotic genes, are present in most complex eukaryotic genes but not in all, and are absent in prokaryotic genes.
- Introns play important roles during evolution, encoding for functional RNA and proteins, and controlling gene expression through alternative splicing.
- Introns were first discovered in 1977 by Sharp and Roberts through studies on adenovirus gene expression.
- Alternative splicing is a post-transcriptional regulatory process that allows a cell to produce multiple proteins from a single gene by including or excluding particular exons from the final mRNA.
- Introns make up a larger percentage of the total gene length than exons, with the clotting factor VIII gene consisting of only 4% exons and 96% introns, and the chicken ovalbumin gene consisting of 75% introns.
Test your knowledge on the organization of eukaryotic genomes with this quiz. Learn about the structure and composition of DNA in the nucleus and organelles, and understand the significance of chromosomes in the genetic information of organisms.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
