29 Questions
What is the primary role of the respiratory mechanism in regulating pH?
Regulating the removal of CO2 and H2CO3
How does the respiratory system contribute to feedback control of H+ concentration?
By stimulating respiration
What is the main function of the protein buffer system in the blood?
Acting as an acid at normal blood pH
Which mechanism forms the third line of defense against changes in H+ concentration?
Renal mechanism
Which group of plasma proteins can act as a base in an acidic pH?
NH2 group
What does the kidney do to regulate extracellular fluid H+ concentration?
Secretion of H+
What percentage of the whole blood's buffering capacity does the haemoglobin buffer system account for?
35%
What is the primary function of a buffer system in the body?
Temporarily reduce free H+ ions
How does the -COOH group of proteins act in an alkaline pH?
Donating protons
What is the role of the respiratory mechanism in regulating pH balance?
Short-term rapid control of pH balance
How does increased alveolar ventilation affect H+ concentration?
Decreases H+ concentration
How are respiratory centres influenced in regulating pH balance?
By peripheral chemoreceptors
Which of the following measurements is NOT used to diagnose simple acid-base disorders?
Serum Potassium
Which of the following treatments is preferred for neutralizing excess acid in acidosis?
Both sodium lactate and sodium gluconate are more preferred
What is the preferred treatment for metabolic alkalosis associated with extracellular fluid volume depletion but no heart failure?
Infusion of isotonic saline solution
What is the primary effect of severe acidosis on neurons?
Decreased neuron excitability
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of severe alkalosis?
Respiratory depression
Which of the following is NOT a non-volatile acid?
Carbonic acid
Which of the following is produced by the metabolism of nucleoproteins?
Uric acid
What is the primary function of the body's buffer systems in regulating acid-base balance?
Immediately combining with acids or bases to prevent changes in H+ concentration
Which of the following is NOT listed as a defense against changes in H+ concentration?
Liver producing bicarbonate ions
Which of the following is considered a base produced by the body?
Ammonia
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
The contribution of urea as a base in the body is insignificant.
Which buffer system contributes the most to the body's overall buffering capacity?
Bicarbonate buffer system
What is the main mechanism by which the body regulates the pH of the extracellular fluid?
Through the actions of the lungs and kidneys
What is the main role of carbonic anhydrase in the body's buffer systems?
It catalyzes the dissociation of carbonic acid into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
What is the approximate contribution of the non-bicarbonate buffers to the body's overall buffering capacity?
47%
Which of the following is not a major buffer system in the body?
Organic phosphate buffer system
What is the main function of the body's buffer systems?
To minimize changes in blood pH
Test your knowledge on non-volatile acids and bases including sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, organic acids, and bases produced by the body. Explore the production of HCO3, ammonia, and urea as bases in the body.
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