5705 Module one

Veterinary Industry Regulation

• The New Zealand Veterinary Council is responsible for the regulation of the veterinary profession in New Zealand.
• By law, all veterinarians in New Zealand must be registered with the Veterinary Council and hold a current practicing certificate.
• The Council ensures veterinarians are competent, fit, and healthy, and investigates complaints about them.

Ministry for Primary Industries

• The Ministry for Primary Industries leads and facilitates animal welfare policy and practice in New Zealand.
• (MPI) promotes policies for the humane treatment of animals and participates in the ongoing animal welfare debate.
• MPI has the authority to make regulations under the Animal Welfare Act.

Vitae

• Vitae provides workplace wellbeing services and focuses on enhancing business productivity and success through employee wellbeing.

Veterinary Terminology

• Veterinary medicine has its own language, using abbreviations to convey exact meanings.
• Examples of abbreviations for drug routes include: po (By Mouth, Orally), npo (Nil Per Os), im (Intramuscular), iv (Intravenous), sc/sq (Subcutaneous), ip (Intraperitoneal), ic (Intracardiac).
• Abbreviations for animal breeds include: DSH (Domestic Short Hair), DLH (Domestic Long Hair), JRT (Jack Russell Terrier), GSP (German Short Haired Pointer), GSD (German Shepherd).
• Abbreviations for medical conditions include: FeLV (Feline Leukaemia Virus), CBA (Cat Bite Abscess), HBC (Hit By Car), FAD (Flea Allergy Dermatitis), FLUTD (Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease), CRF (Chronic Renal Failure), CHF (Congestive Heart Failure), FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus), ARF (Acute Renal Failure), TPLO (Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy).
• Miscellaneous abbreviations include: Dx (Diagnosis), Hx (History), Rx (Prescription), Tx (Treatment), Sx (Surgery), Fx/# (Fracture), HR (Heart Rate), RR (Respiration Rate), TPR (Temperature, Pulse, Respiration), NAD (No abnormalities detected), WNL (Within normal limits), OTC (Over the counter), PAR (Prescription Animal Remedy), Ddx (Differential Diagnosis), FNA (Fine Needle Aspirate), SR/ROS (Suture removal/Removal of sutures), CRT (Capillary Refill Time), MM (Mucous Membranes), SpO2 (Oxygen Saturation).

Veterinary Nursing

• The New Zealand Veterinary Nursing Association (NZVNA) supports veterinary nurses with training, continuing professional development, and advice.
• Student memberships are available, and graduates can upgrade to full membership.
• The NZVNA runs voluntary registration for nurses, requiring a veterinary nursing-related qualification approved by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
• Overseas qualifications can be recognized through Capable NZ.
• Standards for entry to the NZ Register include: holding a valid veterinary nursing-based qualification, completing 20 hours of approved continuing education per year, and completing 40 hours of clinical or academic veterinary nursing-related practice per year.

Veterinary Industry Regulation

• The New Zealand Veterinary Nursing Association (NZVNA) supports veterinary nurses with training, continuing professional development, and advice.
• The NZVNA runs voluntary registration for nurses, requiring a minimum 2-year veterinary nursing-related qualification approved by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
• Recognition of overseas qualifications can be completed through Capable NZ.

Veterinary Terminology

• Pathology is the study of disease.
• Word roots, combining vowels, and suffixes are used to break down and define medical terms.
• Examples of word roots include abdomin- (abdomen), osteo- (bone), and cardi- (heart).
• Prefixes, such as -logy, -scope, and -cyte, are used to modify word roots.
• Examples of veterinary word roots and their meanings include:
  • Cervic/o (neck or neck-like projection)
  • Rhin/o (nose)
  • Bucc/o (cheek)
  • Laryng/o (larynx or voice box)
  • Vas/o (vessel or duct)
  • Phleb/o (vein or veins)
  • Cardi/o (heart)
  • Steth/o (chest)
  • Lapar/o (flank or abdomen)

Abbreviations

• Common veterinary abbreviations include:
  • Drug routes: po (by mouth), npo (nil per os), im (intramuscular), iv (intravenous), sc/sq (subcutaneous), ip (intraperitoneal), ic (intracardiac)
  • Animal breeds: DSH (domestic short hair), DLH (domestic long hair), JRT (jack russell terrier), GSP (german short haired pointer), GSD (german shepherd)
  • Medical conditions: FeLV (feline leukaemia virus), CBA (cat bite abscess), HBC (hit by car), FAD (flea allergy dermatitis), FLUTD (feline lower urinary tract disease), CRF (chronic renal failure), CHF (congestive heart failure), FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus), ARF (acute renal failure), TPLO (tibial plateau levelling osteotomy)
  • Miscellaneous: Dx (diagnosis), Hx (history), Rx (prescription), Tx (treatment), Sx (surgery), Fx/# (fracture), HR (heart rate), RR (respiration rate), TPR (temperature, pulse, respiration), NAD (no abnormalities detected), WNL (within normal limits), OTC (over the counter), PAR (prescription animal remedy), Ddx (differential diagnosis), FNA (fine needle aspirate), SR/ROS (suture removal/removal of sutures), CRT (capillary refill time), MM (mucous membranes), SpO2 (oxygen saturation)

Directional Terms

• Directional terms are used to describe locations on the body independently of the animal's orientation.
• Directional terms always come in opposing pairs, such as dorsal/ventral, medial/lateral, and cranial/caudal.
• Examples of directional terms include:
  • Dorsal/ventral: referring to the head, trunk, and tail, with dorsal directed toward the back (spine) and ventral directed toward the belly.
  • Medial/lateral: referring to the head, trunk, limbs, and tail, with medial directed toward the midline and lateral directed away from the midline (toward flank/outside).
  • Cranial/caudal: referring to the trunk, limbs, and tail, with cranial directed toward the cranium (head) and caudal directed toward the tail (away from cranium).

Introduction to the Veterinary Industry

• This module introduces common terminology used in the veterinary industry.
• Students are encouraged to join the New Zealand Veterinary Nursing Association as a student member to gain access to the Journal and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) events.

Para-professional Role

• A para-professional is a person trained to assist a professional person, such as a veterinarian.
• The para-professional role requires being a professional in animal care, having great customer service, business, and communication skills.

Roles within a Veterinary Clinic

• Veterinary receptionist: client relations, accounts, answering phone/answering client questions, schedule management, ordering, etc.
• Veterinary nurse: assists in educating clients, locates everything, understands client quirks, and knows tips and tricks of the trade.

Industry Regulation

• The New Zealand Veterinary Nursing Association (NZVNA) supports veterinary nurses with training, continuing professional development, and advice.
• The NZVNA runs voluntary registration for nurses, requiring a veterinary nursing-related qualification approved by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

Terminology

• Basic terminology includes word construction, where words are divided into four distinct parts: root, prefix, suffix, and combining vowel.
• Roots are the basic elements of words, with examples including:
  • Cervic/o: Neck or neck-like projection
  • Rhin/o: Nose
  • Bucc/o: Cheek
  • Laryng/o: Larynx (voice box)
  • Vas/o: Vessel or duct
  • Pulm/o: Lungs
  • Phleb/o: Vein or veins
  • Cardi/o: Heart

Abbreviations

• Common abbreviations used in veterinary practice include:
  • Drug routes: po, npo, im, iv, sc/sq, ip, ic
  • Animal breeds: DSH, DLH, JRT, GSP, GSD
  • Medical conditions: FeLV, CBA, HBC, FAD, FLUTD, CRF, CHF, FIV, ARF, TPLO, GDV
  • Miscellaneous: Dx, Hx, Rx, Tx, Sx, Fx/#, HR, RR, TPR, NAD, WNL, OTC, PAR, Ddx, FNA, SR/ROS, CRT, MM, SpO2

Terminology Basics

• A common language ensures an exact understanding of a patient's disease or condition among healthcare professionals.
• A medical term consists of four parts: root, prefix, suffix, and combining vowel.
• The root is the main part of the word, carrying the basic meaning.
• Prefixes are placed before the root, suffixes after, and combining vowels help with pronunciation.

Word Construction

• Roots can appear alone or with prefixes and suffixes.
• Some words contain more than one root.
• Spelling and pronunciation are crucial to avoid confusion and ensure accurate diagnosis.

Pronunciation Rules

• 'ch' can be pronounced like 'k' (e.g., chronic).
• 'pn' is pronounced with only the 'n' sound (e.g., pneumonia).
• 'ps' is pronounced like 's' (e.g., psychology).
• 'c' and 'g' have a soft sound before 'e', 'i', and 'y' (e.g., generic, giant).

Parts of a Word

• Identify prefixes, suffixes, and anatomical roots to break down words and discover their meanings.
• Learn common roots referring to conditions, actions, characteristics, fluids, substances, and colors.

Prefixes and Their Meanings

• Dys-: difficulty (e.g., dyspnoea - difficulty breathing).
• Brady-: slow/reduced (e.g., bradycardia - slower than normal heart rate).
• Poly-: many, much, excessive (e.g., polydipsia - excessive thirst).
• Sub-: under/beneath (e.g., sub-cutaneous - under the skin).
• Tachy-: increased/rapid (e.g., tachycardia - increased heart rate).
• Ecto-: outside (outer/external) (e.g., ectoparasites - parasites on the skin).
• Peri-: around (e.g., periosteum - around bone).
• Post-: behind/after (e.g., post-operative - after the operation).
• Pseudo-: false (e.g., pseudo pregnancy - false pregnancy).
• Hyper-: high (e.g., hypertension).
• Hypo-: low (e.g., hypoglycaemia).
• Bi-: two (e.g., bifurcate).
• Endo-: inside/within (e.g., endotracheal).
• Inter-: between (e.g., intervertebral).
• Hemi-: half (e.g., hemilaminectomy).
• Micro-: small (e.g., microhaematocrit).

Suffixes

• -logy: study (e.g., psychology).
• -scope: instrument for observation (e.g., laryngoscope).
• -cyte: cell (e.g., Cyprus).
• -ectomy: surgical removal (e.g., hemilaminectomy).
• -genesis: production or formation (e.g., Genesis).
• -graphy: writing or recording (e.g., radiography).

Roots

• Cervic/o: neck or neck-like projection (e.g., cervical spine).
• Rhin/o: nose (e.g., rhinitis - inflammation of the nose).
• Bucc/o: cheek (e.g., buccal surface - tooth surface next to the cheek).
• Laryng/o: larynx (voice box) (e.g., laryngoscope).
• Vas/o: vessel or duct (e.g., vasoconstriction - shrinking of the vessel).
• Pulm/o: lungs (e.g., pulmonary edema - watery fluid in the lungs).
• Phleb/o: vein or veins (e.g., phlebotomy - act of opening a vein).
• Cardi/o: heart (e.g., cardiologist - one who studies the heart).
• Steth/o: chest (e.g., stethoscope - instrument for listening to the chest).
• Lapar/o: flank, abdomen (e.g., laparoscopy - surgical procedure in the abdomen).

Abbreviations

• Abbreviations for drug routes: po, npo, im, iv, sc/sq, ip, ic.
• Abbreviations for animal breeds: DSH, DLH, JRT, GSP, GSD.
• Abbreviations for medical conditions: FeLV, CBA, HBC, FAD, FLUTD, CRF, CHF, FIV, ARF, TPLO, GDV.
• Miscellaneous abbreviations: Dx, Hx, Rx, Tx, Sx, Fx, HR, RR, TPR, NAD, WNL, OTC, PAR, Ddx, FNA, SR/ROS, CRT, MM, SpO2.

Introduction to Veterinary Industry

• This module introduces common terminology used in the veterinary industry, which is essential for future studies and assessments.
• The New Zealand Veterinary Nursing Association (NZVNA) offers student memberships, providing access to journals, CPD events, and more.

Para-Professional Roles

• A para-professional is a person trained to assist a professional, such as a veterinarian, in various disciplines.
• Para-professionals need to possess skills in customer service, business, and communication to educate clients effectively.

Roles in a Veterinary Clinic

• Veterinary receptionist: client relations, accounts, answering phones, and scheduling management.
• Veterinary nursing assistant: assisting veterinary nurses, restraining animals, answering phones, and maintaining cleanliness.
• Veterinary nurse: phlebotomist, anaesthetic technician, radiographer, consulting nurse, and ward nurse.

Veterinary Nurse Responsibilities

• Client service clinics, CBCs, serum chemistries, cytology, dental prophylaxis, and more.

Industry Regulation

• The veterinary industry is regulated by organizations, including the NZVNA, which supports veterinary nurses with training, development, and advice.
• To be eligible for the NZ Register, one must hold a valid veterinary nursing-related qualification and complete continuing education and clinical practice hours.

Veterinary Word Roots

• Common veterinary word roots and their meanings, including:
  • Cervic/o: neck or neck-like projection
  • Rhin/o: nose
  • Vas/o: vessel or duct
  • Pulm/o: lungs
  • Phleb/o: vein or veins
  • Cardi/o: heart

Abbreviations

• Common medical abbreviations, including:
  • Drug routes (e.g., po, im, iv, sc/sq)
  • Animal breeds (e.g., DSH, DLH, JRT, GSP)
  • Medical conditions (e.g., FeLV, CBA, HBC, FAD)
  • Miscellaneous abbreviations (e.g., Dx, Hx, Rx, Tx, Sx)