Neurology Quiz on Disorders and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

A 72-year-old man presented with frequent fall over the past 8 months. On examination, He has generalized rigidity, bradykinesia, exaggerated gag reflex. Which of the following is most likely diagnosis?

Lewy body dementia

Parkinsons Disease (correct)

Myasthenia gravis

Frontotemporal dementia

Corticobasal degeneration.

A patient is unconscious and is noted to have extension of both the upper and lower extremities. This type of posture is most consistent with a lesion at which one of the following levels?

Medulla. (correct)

Midbrain.

Cerebellum.

Cerebral hemispheres.

Cervical spinal cord.

Which of the following statements with regard to peripheral and central factors that determine the appreciation and intensity of pain is false?

Lesions of the thalamus can produce raised thresholds for pain

Lesions of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex alter a person's attitude to pain rather than the intensity of pain

Referred pain is the term given to the painful sensation that are felt in a peripheral structure, but which are associated with trauma to the deep viscera

Nerve section leads to permanent loss of pain sensation. (correct)

The Peptides endorphins and enkephalins influence pain transmission.

With regard to the major motor fiber tracts which statement is false?

Complete section of the pyramids in the medulla results in a permanent loss of precision in the performance of motor tasks. Signup and view all the answers

The following events occur in a parasympathetic neuroeffector junction except

Uptake of choline occurs via Ca2+-dependent carriers. Signup and view all the answers

A sympathomimetic drugs that only binds and activates beta2 adrenoceptors is

albuterol Signup and view all the answers

A 53-year-old woman presents to the neurology clinic with a six-month history of difficulty getting up from a chair. More recently she has noticed difficulty lifting things. On examination she has a rash over the dorsum of her hands and both eyelids. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Dermatomyositis Signup and view all the answers

With regards to the cochlear hair cell depolarization:

There is entry of Na+ ions Signup and view all the answers

In klumpke's paralysis, all the followings are true EXCEPT:

Its due to injury involved C5 C6 roots. Signup and view all the answers

Which one is the cause of Wilsons disease?

High copper Signup and view all the answers

________ is a term that describes an inability to make a voluntary movement related to object use.

Apraxia Signup and view all the answers

A 50-year-old woman undergoes a neurologic exam that indicates loss of pain and temperature sensitivity, vibratory sense, and proprioception in the left leg. These symptoms could be explained by

a tumor on the left medial lemniscal pathway in the sacral spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

If a patient cannot see the left-most part of his left visual field (but can see in all other areas), he may have a lesion

In the right optic tract Signup and view all the answers

A sympathomimetic drug that only binds and activates alpha adrenoceptors is

phenylephrine Signup and view all the answers

A 51-year-old man with diabetes develops features of an autonomic neuropathy. Which of the following symptoms does not occur in an autonomic neuropathy?

Stridor Signup and view all the answers

The classic features of Parkinson's disease are:

a,b and c Signup and view all the answers

Antagonistic control of efferent output is typical of the _____ division.

somatic Signup and view all the answers

An elderly patient has recently developed cognitive impairment, ataxia, myoclonus and behavioural changes. Most likely diagnosis is:-

Lewy body dementia Signup and view all the answers

A 22-year-old woman suffering from bilateral weakness of her lower limbs. Which of the following represent the most likely location of this lesion?

The left genu of internal capsule. Signup and view all the answers

Which statements DO NOT apply to the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?

Epinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division. Signup and view all the answers

Sympathetic drive to the heart is increased in all of the following except

When parasympathetic drive is increased. Signup and view all the answers

Which functions are controlled through the autonomic nervous system?1. blood pressure; 2. heart rate; 3. water balance; 4. temperature regulation

1, 2, 3 and 4 Signup and view all the answers

Upper quadrant hemianopia is due to lesion in:

Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements with regard to somatic and visceral pain is false?

The hollow organs of the viscera are insensistive to touch, temperature and cutting. Signup and view all the answers

The correct sequence of events involved in phototransduction in rods and cones in response to light is:

activation of transducin, structural changes in rhodopsin, closure of cGMP gated cation channels, decrease in intracellular cGMP, and decreased release of glutamate. Signup and view all the answers

In the mechanism of cerebral autoregulation

Neural activity leads to ATP formation Signup and view all the answers

Both cold and warmth receptors are stimulated in the following temperature range:

38-450C Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Question 1

Multiple choice question about a 72-year-old man with frequent falls and generalized rigidity.
The correct answer is Parkinson's Disease.

Question 2

Multiple choice question about a patient with extension of both upper and lower extremities while unconscious.
The correct answer is Midbrain lesion.

Question 3

Multiple choice question about peripheral and central factors determining the appreciation and intensity of pain.
One false statement: Nerve section leads to permanent loss of pain sensation.

Question 4

Multiple choice question about a sympathomimetic drug that only activates beta2 adrenoceptors.
The correct answer is Albuterol.

Question 5

Multiple choice question about a 53-year-old woman with difficulty getting up from a chair and a rash.
The likely diagnosis is Dermatomyositis.

Question 6

Multiple choice question about cochlear hair cell depolarization.
The correct answer is exit of K+ ions.

Question 7

Multiple choice question about Klumpke's Palsy
The exception: Horner syndrome is an associated finding.

Question 8

Multiple choice question about Wilson's Disease
The cause is High copper.

Question 9

Multiple choice question about Huntington's Disease.
The correct answer is A. Huntington's disease.

Question 10

Detail about the cochlear hair cell depolarization.
Depolarization is caused by the entry of cations, specifically Ca2+ ions.

Question 11

Detail about Klumpke's palsy.
Causes paralysis and wasting of the small muscles of the hand. Associated with Horner syndrome and traction on the abducted arm, due to injury at cervical nerve roots C5 and C6.

Question 12

Multiple choice question about a 50-year-old woman with loss of pain and temperature sensitivity, vibratory sense, and proprioception.
The most likely cause is a tumor in the right medial lemniscal pathway in the sacral spinal cord.

Question 13

Multiple choice question about a 22-year-old woman with bilateral weakness.
The most likely location of the lesion is the left genu of the internal capsule.

Question 14

Detail about the parasympathetic division of the nervous system.
It is dominant during "resting and digesting". The ganglia are nearby their target organs.

Question 15

Detail about sympathetic drive to the heart.
Sympathetic drive to the heart increases in excitement, exercise, and during a stress-response. It's decreased in a vasovagal attack.

Question 16

Detail about autonomic nervous system functions.
These functions include blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, and water balance.

Question 17

Multiple choice question about a 51-year-old man with diabetes and autonomic neuropathy.
An exception: Stridor

Question 18

Detail about classic Parkinson's disease features.
Features include akinesia, rigidity, and tremor at rest.

Question 19

Detail about antagonistic control of efferent output.
It's typical of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 20

Multiple choice about cognitive impairment, ataxia, myoclonus, behavioral changes in an elderly patient
The most likely diagnosis is Lewy body dementia.

Question 21

Multiple choice question about location of a lesion in a 22-year-old woman experiencing bilateral weakness.
The most likely location is the left genu of the internal capsule.

Question 22

Multiple choice about statements that do not apply to the parasympathetic division.
One false statement: Epinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter.

Question 23

Detail about somatic and visceral pain.
Visceral pain is poorly localized, may radiate to a somatic area, and is often accompanied by sweating.

Question 24

Detail about phototransduction in rods and cones.
The activation of transducin, structural changes in rhodopsin, closure of cGMP-gated cation channels, decrease in intracellular cGMP, and decreased release of glutamate.

Question 25

Detail about cerebrovascular status during autoregulation.
This refers to the regulation of blood flow to the brain.

Question 26

Detail about brain area considered as non autonomic control center.
The amygdala is not an autonomic control center.

Question 27

Detail about the mechanism of cerebral autoregulation.
Neural activity, ADP, and increased oxygen/decreased carbon dioxide are involved.

Question 28

Detail about nicotine enhancement of neurotransmitter release.
Nicotine enhances the release of acetylcholine.

Question 29

Multiple choice question about agnosias.
The damaged component is the posterior parietal cortex.

Question 30

Detail about statements regarding the cerebellum.

Question 31

Detail about statements comparing clinical examination of tendon jerks and electromyography
The correct statements are electrical stimulation of the cerebellum can elicit complex sensations, projection of impulses from limbs to the cerebellum is ipsilateral, and electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex cannot produce discrete muscle contractions.

Question 32

Multiple choice question about a medical student studying autonomic ganglia.

Question 33

Detail about the chemical transmitters in autonomic nervous system.

Question 34

Detail about statement regarding non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
Urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia occur in male Parkinson's disease patients.

Question 35

Detail about statement about urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia in male parkinson's patients.
This is related to prostatic hypertrophy, not the disease itself.

Question 36

Detail about increasing the frequency stimulation in muscle contraction.
This is called tetany.

Question 37

Detail about Liepmann's patient.
Could not make spontaneous hand movements. Could not follow instructions to use objects with the left hand, and the left hemisphere and the corpus callosum contained damage.

Question 38

Detail about causes of hyperthermia.
Status epilepticus.

Question 39

Detail about the tympanic membrane.

Question 40

Detail about cerebrovascular status during autoregulation.

Question 41

Detail about a man falling asleep with an arm under his head, getting paralyzed.
The nerves to the arm are impaired, but pain is unaffected.

Question 42

Detail about cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 43

Detail about right internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
A lesion in the right medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) causes right adduction deficit, and impaired movement of the left eye.

Question 44

Detail about the statements that correctly describe the processes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, and release.

Question 45

Detail about the statements that are TRUE in Ischemia, and the descending pain modulation pathway.

Question 46

Detail about the recruitment and activation of motor units.

Question 47

Detail about the areas of the brain that control the autonomic nervous system.
These include the cerebrum, hypothalamus, pons, medulla, and thalamus.

Question 48

Multiple choice on the area that is primarily involved in the initiation of a saccadic eye movement.
The correct answer is Superior colliculus.

Question 49

Detail about the cell bodies in the ganglion.
Postganglionic neurons have cell bodies in ganglia.

Question 50

Detail about recruiting and activating motor units.
Recruitment and activation of motor units is tested by electromyography.

Question 51

Multiple choice question about a detailed PET scan study of a patient with phantom limb pain
The scan should show an area of the brain associated with the missing right hand, moving to the opposite side of the brain (left hemisphere).

Question 52

Detail about diseases with specific histology.

Question 53

Detail on diseases that happen in case of any part of the Basal Ganglia is effected.
The potential diseases are Hemiballismus, Chorea, Parkinsonism, Athetosis, and all the above (as indicated in the original text).

Question 54

Detail about a 71-year-old man with poor judgment and social behavior.
The likely cause is a dysfunction of the Frontal Lobes.

Question 55

Detail about the elderly man with Alzheimer's disease.

Question 56

Detail about the inability to undertake a series of movements.
This is called Ideational apraxia.

Question 57

Detail about the brain's sensitivity to ischemia
Increased sensitivity and decreased compliance leads to cerebral edema and herniation.

Question 58

Detail on the causes and features of visceral pain in a 32-year-old woman.
Visceral pain is poorly localized, often accompanied by nausea or sweating. It may radiate to a surface location.

Question 59

Detail on the connection between the basal ganglia and OFC.
The connection between the basal ganglia and OFC is dysfunctional.

Question 60

Detail about the intracranial pressure compliance volume curve

Question 61

Detail about deep brain stimulation.

Question 62

Detail about the cause of symptoms in a 30-year-old man with tingling and numbness in his arm.

Question 63

Detail about extra-hypothalamic sites involved in parasympathetic outflow.

Question 64

Detail about the features of Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
Parkinson's Disease includes motor features such as akinesia, rigidity, and tremor at rest. Huntington's Disease is characterized by involuntary choreiform movements and progresses to dementia.

Question 65

Detail about the inappropriate use of objects.
This is called ideational apraxia.

Question 66

Detail about dementia characterized by frontal lobe symptoms
The likely dementia is frontotemporal dementia.

Question 67

Detail about a ventrolateral cordotomy.
Correct answer is right ventrolateral spinothalamic tract.

Question 68

Detail about events in sympathetic noradrenergic neuroeffector junction

Question 69

Detail about Gold Standard drug(s)/action for Parkinson's disease
The gold standard is L-Dopa, increasing dopamine availability.

Question 70

Detail about secondary brain injury after primary injury.
Secondary brain injury can be caused by edema, ischaemia/infection, and increased intracranial pressure.

Question 71

Multiple choice about Ischaemia and Infection with Brain injury (This is not entirely clear from the provided text, but it is a potential cause as provided by the text, so it is included.)

Question 72

Multiple choice question about lesions of the extrapyramidal tract.

Question 73

Multiple choice question about the association between receptors and stimuli.

Question 74

Multiple choice questions about Neuroleptics that block dopamine D2 receptors
Note that this question is already correct.

Question 75

Detail about inhibition of neurones at some sites of the CNS.

Question 76

Detail about the function of basal ganglia.
Basal Ganglia is involved in the control of movement, planning and programming movements.

Question 77

Detail about the recording of responses of cutaneous receptors.

Question 78

Detail about false statements regarding statements about motor neurons.

Question 79

Detail about areas of the brain that exerts control over the autonomic nervous system
The relevant areas are the cerebrum, hypothalamus, pons, medulla, and thalamus.

Question 80

Multiple choice question on increased sensitivity to light and nausea
The likely cause is a food intolerance reaction.

Question 81

Detail about extra-hypothalamic sites involved in the control of parasympathetic outflow.
The extra-hypothalamic sites include the central nucleus of the amygdala, the parabrachial nucleus, and the dorsal sensory nucleus of the vagus.

Question 82

Detail about a 28-year-old patient with flashing lights and floaters in visual field.

Question 83

Detail about the onset and characteristics of Huntington's Disease.

Question 84

Multiple choice question referring to a 23-year-old woman with experience of a severe sunburn.

Question 85

Detail about a patient with a lesion in the corticospinal tract.

Question 86

Detail about the onset of Parkinson's disease.
Onset occurs between the ages of 40 and 70.

Question 87

Detail about the inappropriate use of objects.
Ideational apraxia is the inability to perform a series of movements as needed to produce a particular action.

Question 88

Detail about an 11-year-old boy with difficulty reading.
Abnormal color vision is 20 times more common in males as a result of a recessive gene located on the X chromosome.

Question 89

Detail about the importance of a hypothalamic nucleus.
The single most important hypothalamic nucleus is the paraventricular nucleus.

Question 90

Detail about visual acuity with specialization.

Question 91

Detail about a patient with sudden onset of inability to speak.
The lesion is in the left superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus.

Question 92

Detail about a 32-year-old man experiencing comatose state caused by brain injury with assessment of brainstem function.

Question 93

Detail about the intracranial fluid circulation.

Question 94

Detail about sensory pathways that carry light touch and proprioception.
These pathways are medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract.

Question 95

Detail about the function of the sensory pathways.

Question 96

Detail on the sudden inability to talk in terms of brain lesions.

Question 97

Multiple choice question about a 28-year-old man with severe myopia.

Question 98

Detail about the inner nuclear layer of the retina.

Question 99

Detail about a genetic disorder (Huntington's Disease).

Question 100

Detail about the False statements related to cell junctions and their function in brain injury.

Question 101

Detail about the inhibition of neurons at some sites in the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Question 102

Detail about the opening of K+ channels and how it functions in the hair cells in the cochlea.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various neurological disorders, symptoms, and key concepts in this quiz. From Parkinson's Disease to dermatomyositis, explore different cases and their implications. Perfect for students in medical fields or anyone interested in neurology.