Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics and Disorders
16 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary site of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production?

  • Cerebellum
  • Thalamus
  • Lateral ventricle (correct)
  • Dural venous sinuses

Which structure does CSF flow through after leaving the third ventricle?

  • Arachnoid granulations
  • Foramen of Monro
  • Foramina of Luchska and Magendie
  • Cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) (correct)

What is a typical white blood cell count in normal CSF?

  • 10-20/µL
  • 50-100/µL
  • < 5/µL (correct)
  • > 5/µL

What does xantochromic CSF indicate?

<p>Subacute bleeding or high protein concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is lumbar puncture contraindicated?

<p>Increased intracranial pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions exhibits albuminocytological dissociation?

<p>Guillain-Barré syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opening pressure range for normal CSF?

<p>10-20 cmH2O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrocephalus is defined as:

<p>Symptomatic accumulation of CSF in the cerebral ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cranium is NOT primarily involved in the maintenance of intracranial pressure?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of decreased blood flow due to intracranial hypertension?

<p>Neuronal ischaemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions contributes to increased volume within the cranial cavity?

<p>Increased blood volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pathological mechanism is primarily responsible for fluid leakage during increased ICP?

<p>Increased capillary permeability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hemorrhage is NOT typically associated with the etiology of intracranial hypertension?

<p>Intramuscular hemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic effect of ischaemia on neurons in the context of increased intracranial pressure?

<p>Neuronal swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a benign form of intracranial hypertension?

<p>Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT considered in the cranium's content that regulates intracranial pressure?

<p>Muscle tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Choroid plexus

A specialized tissue found in the walls of the lateral ventricles and the roofs of the third and fourth ventricles, responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

CSF flow path

The flow of CSF from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through the foramen of Monro, then to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius), and finally to the subarachnoid space through the foramina of Luschka and Magendie.

CSF absorption

The process of CSF being absorbed back into the bloodstream through arachnoid granulations, located in the dural venous sinuses.

Lumbar puncture

A medical procedure used to obtain a sample of CSF, typically performed between the L3 and L4 vertebrae. It is contraindicated in cases of increased intracranial pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normal CSF color

Appearance of CSF normally. It should be crystal clear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Xanthochromia

A type of abnormal CSF color indicating subacute bleeding or high protein concentration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hydrocephalus

The condition where CSF accumulates within the cerebral ventricles, leading to various symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Albuminocytological dissociation

A condition characterized by increased protein levels in the CSF but a normal white blood cell count, often seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is intracranial hypertension?

A condition where the pressure inside the skull is higher than normal. Normal intracranial pressure (ICP) is less than 20 mmHg.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does the skull relate to intracranial hypertension?

The cranium, a rigid structure, contains three components: the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood. An increase in one component will lead to a decrease in the volume of one or both of the other components.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some causes of intracranial hypertension?

Tumors, abscesses, edema, hematomas (like epidural or subdural), and hydrocephalus are all examples of causes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does intracranial hypertension harm the brain?

The harmful effects are mainly due to compression of blood vessels: Reduced blood flow leads to ischemia. Decreased blood flow also means less oxygen delivery, which increases capillary permeability and causes fluid leakage. This leakage leads to further swelling of the neurons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is benign intracranial hypertension?

Benign intracranial hypertension is a specific type of intracranial hypertension where the cause is unknown.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is ischemia?

Ischemia refers to a lack of blood flow and oxygen supply to tissues. This can damage neurons and lead to brain dysfunction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the blood-brain barrier and how is it affected by intracranial hypertension?

The blood-brain barrier is a protective layer that regulates what substances can pass from the blood into the brain. Ischemia can damage this barrier, allowing more fluid to leak into the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do neurons swell in intracranial hypertension?

The swelling of neurons due to lack of oxygen and nutrients, and fluid leakage, exacerbates the intracranial pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Findings and Disorders of CSF Dynamics

  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by specialized tissue called choroid plexus.
  • Choroid plexus is located in the walls of the lateral ventricles and the roofs of the third and fourth ventricles.
  • CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through the foramen of Monro.
  • From the third ventricle, CSF flows through the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) to the fourth ventricle.
  • CSF passes through foramina of Luschka and Magendie to the subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord.
  • CSF absorption takes place in the dural venous sinuses through arachnoid granulations.

CSF Findings in Diverse Neurological Alterations

  • Lumbar Puncture: A technique used to obtain a CSF sample, the needle is inserted between L3 and L4 (imaginary line between the superior part of the iliac crests).
  • Contraindications: Increased intracranial pressure.
  • Colour: CSF is normally crystal clear.
    • Haemorrhagic: acute bleeding
    • Xantochromic: subacute bleeding or high protein concentration
  • Opening Pressure: normal range is between 10-20 cmH2O (continuous flow).
    • Increased: indicates increased intracranial pressure.
    • Slow flow rate: indicates an obstruction in the subarachnoid space.
  • White Blood Cell Count: Normally less than 5/μL; an elevated count (pleocytosis) may indicate meningitis.
  • Proteins: Typically below 50mg/dL; elevated levels may indicate subarachnoid blockage or meningitis. Albuminocytological dissociation (elevated proteins but normal white blood cell count) may be associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome.
  • Glucose: 50-80 mg/dL. Lower levels may indicate bacterial meningitis.

Disorders of CSF Dynamics: Hydrocephalus

  • Hydrocephalus: Symptomatic accumulation of CSF inside the cerebral ventricles.
  • Etiology (Causes):
    • Obstructive: Blockage in CSF pathways (tumors)
    • Communicating: Impaired CSF absorption (hemorrhage, meningitis)
    • Hypersecretory: Excessive CSF production (tumor of choroid plexus).
  • Clinical Manifestations:
    • Increased intracranial pressure: headache, vomiting, visual disturbances.
    • Macrocephaly (enlarged head size) in congenital hydrocephalus.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

CSF Dynamics and Disorders (2024/2025) PDF
Intracranial Hypertension Syndrome 2024/2025 PDF

Description

Explore the intricate dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its findings in various neurological disorders. This quiz covers CSF production, flow pathways, and the lumbar puncture technique, along with the significance of CSF characteristics in diagnosing conditions. Test your knowledge on these essential topics in neurology.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser