Nervous System Quiz - Chapter Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which division of the nervous system primarily handles voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

  • Central Nervous System
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Somatic Nervous System (correct)
  • Autonomic Nervous System

    • What is the main function of the integration process in the nervous system?

  • Processes and interprets incoming information (correct)
  • Receives stimuli from the environment
  • Directs motor responses
  • Transmits sensory information

    • Which part of the Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for conducting impulses from the CNS to effectors?

  • Sensory Division
  • Afferent Division
  • Efferent Division (correct)
  • Autonomic System Division

    • In what situation would the sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System primarily be active?

    <p>While exercising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Parasympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System?

    <p>Mobilizes body systems during activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron carries impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glial cells are responsible for forming myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ion channel remains open at all times?

    <p>Leakage channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

    <p>Forming myelin sheaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do interneurons primarily reside?

    <p>Within the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of motor (efferent) neurons?

    <p>They are multipolar with cell bodies in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about neurons is true?

    <p>They have a high metabolic rate and require significant glucose and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term potential (potential difference) refer to in neuron physiology?

    <p>The separation of electrical charges measured in volts or millivolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes neurons from typical somatic cells?

    <p>They are amitotic and cannot reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with astrocytes in the central nervous system?

    <p>Helping neurons receive nutrients from capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the axon in a neuron?

    <p>To generate and conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron has only one axon and no dendrites?

    <p>Unipolar Neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath on an axon?

    <p>To speed up impulse transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of neurons is characterized by three or more processes extending from the cell body?

    <p>Multipolar Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is found at the end of the axon and is responsible for the storage and release of neurotransmitters?

    <p>Axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

    <p>Sodium rushes into the axon membrane, causing a positive change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump after an action potential?

    <p>To actively transport ions back to their original positions using ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the absolute refractory period?

    <p>The neuron is in a state where it cannot respond to any new stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the axon potential reach approximately +30mV?

    <p>Depolarization phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the propagation of an action potential occur along the axon?

    <p>Events develop in one 'patch' creating local currents that influence adjacent sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does acetylcholine primarily play at the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Excitatory neurotransmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of many antidepressants on serotonin?

    <p>Block its reuptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dangerous consequence is often associated with the use of opiates?

    <p>Respiratory arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endorphins are known as natural opiates because they bind to what type of receptors?

    <p>Pain receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily responsible for increasing conduction velocity in axons?

    <p>Thickness of the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron?

    <p>Store and release neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does saltatory conduction differ from continuous conduction?

    <p>It involves the jumping of action potentials between nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapse connects the axon terminal of one neuron directly to the soma of another neuron?

    <p>Axosomatic synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the postsynaptic neuron is specifically responsible for binding neurotransmitters?

    <p>Receptor region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the resting membrane potential in cells?

    <p>The inner surface of the membrane is negative compared to the outer surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to the maintenance of the resting membrane potential?

    <p>The diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell being greater than sodium ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about graded potentials is true?

    <p>Their strength varies with the strength of the stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an action potential differ from a graded potential?

    <p>Action potentials are long-distance signals while graded potentials are short-distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

    <p>Sodium ions rapidly enter the neuron, making the inside less negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the all-or-none phenomenon in action potentials?

    <p>Once triggered, the action potential always has the same magnitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminals of a presynaptic neuron?

    <p>Influx of Calcium ions through voltage-gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do voltage-gated ion channels play in action potentials?

    <p>They open in response to changes in membrane potential, allowing sodium influx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of neurotransmitter binding at excitatory synapses?

    <p>The postsynaptic membrane undergoes depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the addition of signals received simultaneously at different locations on a neuron?

    <p>Spatial summation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during repolarization of the membrane potential?

    <p>Sodium channels close, and potassium channels open to restore resting potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to neurotransmitter effects after they have completed their function?

    <p>They are removed from the synapse through enzyme degradation, reuptake, or diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when inhibitory synapses are activated in a postsynaptic neuron?

    <p>The postsynaptic neuron experiences hyperpolarization, moving away from threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

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