Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System

What is the approximate number of times the heart beats in an hour?

4000

What is the primary function of the heart in the body?

To pump blood and oxygen around the body and deliver waste products back to the lungs

What is the characteristic of the systemic circulation in terms of blood flow resistance?

High pressure, five times as much resistance

What is the name of the circulation that supplies the heart itself?

Coronary Circuit Signup and view all the answers

How much blood is pumped by the heart with each beat?

Half a cup Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemoreceptors in the medulla?

Sense changes in pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a response of the sympathetic nervous system to the autonomic nervous system?

Decrease in conduction times through the AV node Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high calcium levels on the cardiac cells?

Irritability of electrical cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the autonomic nervous system?

Decrease heart rate and conduction times through the AV node Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low potassium levels on the cardiac cells?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vascular system?

Transportation of oxygen and nutrients to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of untreated severe preeclampsia?

Eclampsia Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of preeclampsia?

Sudden weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of people with type 2 diabetes who are affected by high blood pressure?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What can diabetes damage and make more narrow?

Blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of preeclampsia on the kidneys?

Protein in the urine Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of pregnancy can preeclampsia develop?

After 20 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum amount of moderate-intensity aerobic activity recommended per week?

150 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily sodium intake?

Ideally less than 1,500 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of strength training exercises per week?

Twice a week Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily alcohol intake for women?

One drink Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended amount of quality sleep per night?

7-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for heart disease mentioned in the text?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complication of hypertension?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a rapid rise in blood pressure that is not accompanied by organ damage?

Hypertensive urgency Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for high blood pressure that develops for the first time during pregnancy?

Gestational hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency?

Presence of organ damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of pregnancies affected by gestational hypertension?

5-10% Signup and view all the answers