Nervous System and Metabolism Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which type of neuron carries signals away from the Central Nervous System?

  • Sensory
  • Connector
  • Interneuron
  • Motor (correct)

    • The cerebellum is responsible for complex thought and sensory processing.

    False

    What is the main function of enzymes in biological processes?

    To speed up chemical reactions

    The primary role of the ______ nervous system is to control voluntary skeletal muscles.

    <p>somatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the brain lobes with their primary functions:

    <p>Frontal = Complex thought and movement Parietal = Touch perception Occipital = Visual processing Temporal = Audio and language processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital involuntary functions?

    <p>Brain Stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Catabolic reactions are responsible for building up and storing energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin is released from the pancreas?

    <p>They decrease as glucose is converted to glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide, water, and ______.

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hypothalamus signal the pituitary gland to do when the body temperature is low?

    <p>Send more TSH to the thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sweating is a response of the endocrine system to high body temperature.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of short-term memory?

    <p>30 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an __________ stimulus.

    <p>unconditioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of conditioning with its definition:

    <p>Classical Conditioning = Associating unrelated stimuli Operant Conditioning = Rewards and punishments to encourage or discourage behavior Observational Learning = Learning by imitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological response occurs as a part of the nervous system's reaction to high temperatures?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rehearsal is a technique used to move information from short-term to long-term memory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reinforcement occurs when a good thing is taken away after a behavior?

    <p>Negative reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The initial response of salivating to food without any prior conditioning represents an __________ response.

    <p>unconditioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of long-term memory?

    <p>Limited capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pituitary gland when the body temperature is low?

    <p>Increases TSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vasodilation is a response of the nervous system to high temperatures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sensation and perception?

    <p>Sensation is the detection of stimuli, while perception is the interpretation of those stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, the _______ is initially a neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a response.

    <p>conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of reinforcement with its description:

    <p>Positive Reinforcement = Encouragement with a good thing Negative Reinforcement = Encouragement by taking away a bad thing Positive Punishment = Discouragement by giving a bad thing Negative Punishment = Discouragement by taking away a good thing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of a neuron?

    <p>Neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cerebellum is responsible for processing auditory information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

    <p>Enzymes speed up reactions without being consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose and _____ are required for cellular respiration.

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of metabolism with their descriptions:

    <p>Catabolic = Breaks down substances and releases energy Anabolic = Builds up substances and stores energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Prepare the body for fight or flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormones are necessary for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain what happens to glucose levels in the blood when glucagon is released.

    <p>Glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen back to glucose, increasing blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System

    • Central Nervous System (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) includes other nerves
    • Neuron components: dendrites, axons, axon terminals, myelin sheath, synapses
    • Three neuron types: sensory (to CNS), connector (within CNS), motor (away from CNS)
    • Stimulus response model with reflex arc (spinal cord, not brain)
    • Cerebrum is the main part of the brain

    Brain Parts

    • Cerebrum: main part of the brain.

    Divisions of PNS

    • Somatic: voluntary skeletal muscles
    • Autonomic: involuntary
      • Sympathetic: reflex arc (fight or flight). Includes pupils, bronchioles, heart, and slow digestion
      • Parasympathetic: rest

    Metabolism

    • Chemical reactions in organisms
      • Catabolic: break down and release energy
      • Anabolic: build up and store energy
    • Cellular Respiration: glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy (in mitochondria)
    • Enzymes speed up reactions (lock and key, not used up)

    Homeostasis

    • Maintaining constant internal environment
    • Hormones target cells with receptors
    • Hypothalamus detects change and activates pituitary gland, which triggers other glands

    Blood Sugar

    • High blood sugar: pancreas releases insulin, liver changes glucose to glycogen
    • Low blood sugar: pancreas releases glucagon, liver changes glycogen to glucose

    Body Temperature

    • Cellular respiration normally heats the body (endothermic)
    • Endocrine system regulates temperature
      • Low temperatures: more TSH, more thyroxine, increase cellular respiration
      • High temperatures: less TSH, less thyroxine, decrease cellular respiration
    • Nervous system helps maintain temperature
      • Low temperatures: vasoconstriction, shivering, piloerection
      • High temperatures: vasodilation, sweating

    Sensation & Perception

    • Memory: sensory (5 seconds), short-term (30 seconds), long-term (lifetime), chunking, contextual clues, rehearsal
    • Learning: classical (associating unrelated stimuli), and operant conditioning (positive/negative reinforcement and punishment)
    • Observational learning: copying behaviors from others

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 7 & 11 Student Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuron types, and their functions. Additionally, it delves into metabolism, highlighting the differences between catabolic and anabolic reactions, as well as cellular respiration. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.

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