Nature vs. Nurture: Language and Communication Concepts

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What are some examples of non-verbal communication?

Mannerisms, personal space, symbols, clothing, material goods

How can a clenched jaw, narrowed eyes, or slumped posture be interpreted?

As anger, distrust, or disinterest

What can steady eye contact, a tilted head, and a smile demonstrate?

Interest and empathy

What do North Americans generally discourage in terms of physical contact?

Physical contact unless in moments of intimacy Signup and view all the answers

How can changing the distance between two people be interpreted?

As signs of conveying interest or lack of interest Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of language in communication?

Language is the means we communicate our experiences of the world. Signup and view all the answers

When did our ancestors develop Broca's area in the brain?

Thought to have been in our ancestors 1.8 million years ago. Signup and view all the answers

Define what culture encompasses in terms of learned behaviors.

All learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals of a particular society or population. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between language and communication.

Language is a communication system that uses vocabulary and set rules on its proper use (grammar), while communication is the unique ability to express feelings, describe/teach, and argue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of non-verbal communication?

Any communication without the use of words. Signup and view all the answers

How can non-verbal communication be expressed?

Non-verbal communication can be expressed through body language. Signup and view all the answers

What personality traits are associated with Type A individuals in the study conducted by Friedman and Rosenman?

Verbally aggressive, easily angered, competitive, organized, and hard working Signup and view all the answers

Describe the impact on personality later in life for individuals who were weaned off without trauma during the oral phase.

They become healthy and independent adults. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of individuals with an anal retentive personality, as mentioned in the study?

Over controlling, stingy, and insecure Signup and view all the answers

Explain the impact on personality later in life for individuals who had a present father during the phallic phase.

They tend to respect both genders. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of personality traits are associated with individuals experiencing penis envy towards men?

They may develop an inferiority complex towards men and aggressive tendencies towards women. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the study conducted by Friedman and Rosenman in relation to heart diseases?

To investigate the potential relationship between stress and heart diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What were the different groups in Bandura's experiment and how did they react towards the Bobo doll?

Different groups included those who watched an adult, a live film, a cartoon cat, quiet play, and no modeling behavior. The reactions ranged from very aggressive to calm. Signup and view all the answers

How did children react to violent cartoons compared to adult behavior in Bandura's experiment?

Children imitated violent cartoons, but not as readily as they imitated adult behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What did Bandura conclude about the imitation of TV behavior compared to real-life behavior?

Children are almost as imitative of TV behavior as they are of real-life behavior. Signup and view all the answers

How can damage to behavior caused by aggressive exposure be reversed, according to Bandura's experiment?

Damage to behavior after aggressive exposure can be reversed by exposure to calm play. Signup and view all the answers

What role does paternal involvement and explanation play in limiting aggression, as shown in Bandura's experiment?

Paternal involvement and explanation can limit aggression. Signup and view all the answers

According to Bandura's experiment, do aggression levels of children rise after receiving a proper explanation?

The aggression levels of the child do not rise after a proper explanation. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the stages of grief according to the text.

Shock, Denial, Anger, Mourning, Recovery Signup and view all the answers

Define advertising and target market.

Advertising is a form of communication to inform customers about products; target market is the specific group aimed at. Signup and view all the answers

List three advertising techniques mentioned in the text.

Jingles/slogans, Sex appeal, Guilt Signup and view all the answers

How can advertising shape individuals according to the text?

By shaping beliefs, attitudes towards certain topics, perpetuating stereotypes, and setting norms. Signup and view all the answers

How does advertising affect children, as per the text?

Children under four may not distinguish ads from programs; may develop this ability by age eight. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss three modern funeral customs rooted in ancient rituals.

Answers may vary; examples include cremation, funeral processions, wakes, etc. Signup and view all the answers