Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the ACE Model primarily evaluate in trait development?
What does the ACE Model primarily evaluate in trait development?
- The impact of social factors on genetic expression
- The influence of environmental deprivation on traits
- The interplay between genetic and environmental factors (correct)
- The stability of personality traits over time
Which aspect is NOT directly emphasized in the Standard Social Science Model?
Which aspect is NOT directly emphasized in the Standard Social Science Model?
- Shared environmental factors
- Psychological trait outcomes
- Genetic contributions to trait outcomes (correct)
- Attribution of environmental influences
Which of the following best describes gene-environment interactions according to the content?
Which of the following best describes gene-environment interactions according to the content?
- Environmental factors do not shape genetic expression
- There is no correlation between genes and behavioral traits
- Individuals actively choose environments based on their genetic predispositions (correct)
- Traits are solely determined by genetic factors
In understanding the impact of socioeconomic differences, which factor is correlated with academic achievement?
In understanding the impact of socioeconomic differences, which factor is correlated with academic achievement?
What is a characteristic adaptation according to the Five Factor Theory?
What is a characteristic adaptation according to the Five Factor Theory?
What does the term 'non-shared environments' refer to in trait development?
What does the term 'non-shared environments' refer to in trait development?
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effects of deprivation on development?
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effects of deprivation on development?
What misconception is often associated with daycare's impact on behavior?
What misconception is often associated with daycare's impact on behavior?
Flashcards
Nature in trait development
Nature in trait development
Genetic factors contributing to an individual's traits.
Nurture in trait development
Nurture in trait development
Environmental factors influencing an individual's traits.
ACE Model
ACE Model
A model explaining the influence of genetics and environment on trait development. It considers three components: additive genetic variance (A), common environment variance (C), and unique environment variance (E).
Standard Social Science Model
Standard Social Science Model
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Deprivation
Deprivation
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Gene-Environment Interaction
Gene-Environment Interaction
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Gene-Environment Correlation
Gene-Environment Correlation
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Testing Shared Environments
Testing Shared Environments
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Study Notes
Nature vs. Nurture Debate
- Genetic factors (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) both contribute to trait development, including behavior, emotions, and attitudes.
- The interaction between nature and nurture shapes individual characteristics.
Understanding Environmental Influences
- Environments significantly influence trait development.
- Manipulating environmental influences on traits is not always reliable due to confounding factors.
ACE Model
- A (Additive Genetic Variance): Genes contribute to trait development.
- C (Common Environment Variance): Shared experiences (e.g., family, parenting) influence traits.
- E (Environmental Variance): Unique experiences (e.g., social factors, measurement errors) influence traits.
Standard Social Science Model
- Primarily focuses on environmental factors as the primary drivers of psychological traits.
- Overlooks the role of genetics in both the causes and outcomes.
Environment's Contributions to Development
- Deprivation: Lack of resources (material and social) and stress contribute significantly to hindering development.
- Socioeconomic Differences: Family wealth is a factor in academic achievement (Reardon, 2018). Higher education correlates with higher IQs, but preexisting IQ also plays a role.
- Limited Evidence on Experiential Influence: Association of daycare with more aggressive behavior might be due to confounding factors.
Active Role in Development
- Gene-Environment Interactions: Genes influence individuals' choices in environments. For example, higher IQ might lead to higher education, or greater extroversion to more socialization.
- Gene-Environment Correlations: Genes and environments interact in a heritable manner.
Personality Dynamics
- Short-term: Personality traits can fluctuate.
- Long-term: Personality changes occur, exhibiting both stability and variability (normative and individual differences).
Five Factor Theory
- Basic Tendencies (Genetics): Innate traits influenced primarily by genetics.
- Characteristic Adaptations (Environment): Environment shapes how traits are expressed and adapted.
Shared vs. Non-shared Environments
Shared Environments (e.g., Parenting)
- Testing Shared Environments: Studying twins raised together helps investigate the impact of shared environments.
- Parenting: Parents play a significant role but their influence is typically not as dramatic as initially expected. (Influence estimate unclear)
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