Module 5: Anatomie du Tronc Commun - Appareil Respiratoire

Study Notes

Module 5: Anatomie du Tronc Commun - Appareil Respiratoire

Appareil Respiratoire: This module focuses on the respiratory system.
Voies Aériennes Supérieures: The upper airway structures, including the nasal passages and oral cavity, are crucial for air intake.
Fonction Nasale: The nasal passages warm, filter, and humidify inhaled air. They trap dust particles and serve a crucial role in respiration.
Cavité Buccale: The oral cavity is involved in respiration, though less effectively than the nasal passages. Moisture from saliva is important.
Origine de l'Appareil Respiratoire: The initial structures where air enters the respiratory system, including both the nasal and oral cavities.
Relation Fosses Nasales – Sinus Aériens Faciaux: The nasal sinuses and air-filled spaces (sinuses) in the facial bones work together to increase surface area for humidification and filtering of air.
Étage Cervical - Larynx: The larynx is a key component of the airway in the neck region. It is a complex structure of cartilages. Important for speech and swallowing.
Cartilage Thyroïde: One of the largest cartilages forming a prominent projection in the throat (Adam's apple) in males.
Cartilage Épiglottique: Involved in preventing food from entering the airway during swallowing.
Cartilage Cricoïde: The ring-shaped cartilage forming a key part of the larynx structure.
Étage Cervical - Trachée: The windpipe, which is part of the respiratory system.
Structure Cartilagineuse: Trachea has C-shaped cartilages to prevent collapse.
2 Portions: The trachea is separated into cervical and thoracic portions.
Étage Cervical - Carrefour Aéro-Digestif: Area where respiratory and digestive systems connect, vital for digestion and respiration.
Mécanisme de la Déglutition: This discusses the complex process of swallowing and how it prevents food from entering the respiratory system.
Étage Thoracique - Diaphragme: The primary muscle of respiration, separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Deux Coupoles: Diaphragm has two parts. Importantly, the diaphragm's position is crucial for respiration.
Centre Tendineux: The central part of the diaphragm, crucial for its function.
Partie Postérieure: The posterior part of the diaphragm where it attaches to the spine.
Étage Thoracique - Poumons: The lungs are two spongy organs essential for respiration.
3 Faces: The lung has a medial face, a costal face (against the ribs), and a diaphragmatic face (against the diaphragm).
Hile Pulmonaire: The entry point for the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves into the lung.
3 Espaces Délimités: The lungs and thorax are separated by anatomical borders.
Étage Thoracique - Voies Aériennes - Bronches Principales: Divisions of the trachea, distributing air to the lungs.
Bronche Principale Droite/Gauche: The trachea branches into two main bronchi, one for each lung, and important for proper air distribution.
Division: Details on branching patterns.
Application Clinique: Practical application of anatomical knowledge related these structures.
Étage thoracique - Voies Aériennes - Bronches Lobaires: Key divisions within the bronchi leading to specific lobes of each lung.
Bronches Segmentaires et Bronchioles: Narrowing and branching of airways in the lungs.
Alvéoles: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Système Alveolaire: Elaboration on functions.
Étage Thoracique - Voies Aériennes - Plèvre: The thin lining surrounding the lungs, crucial for reducing friction during respiration.
2 Feuillet: The pleura has two layers, visceral (lung surface) and parietal (chest wall).
Mouvements Observés Lors de l'Inspiration: The details on diaphragm and rib movements during breathing.
Diaphragme and Rib Movements: The crucial and essential functions for breathing.
Application Clinique - Pneumothorax: How air in the pleural space affects lung function.
Médiastin: Anatomical structures between both lungs, containing vital organs.