31 Questions
What is the main cause of alkaline pH in the blood due to hyperventilation?
Decrease in carbon dioxide retention
At what altitude would hemoglobin saturation be about 67%?
19000 feet
What is the main factor that poses a problem during exercise at higher altitudes?
Low oxygen reserve in the veins
What altitude usually triggers Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)?
8000 feet
How is Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) generally treated?
Decreasing to a lower altitude
When does fetal breathing movement usually begin?
Week 20 of development
What is the main function of the conchae in the nose?
To clean and warm incoming air
Where are the vocal cords and epiglottis located?
In the larynx
Which area in the respiratory system is responsible for splitting food into the esophagus and air into the trachea?
Laryngopharynx
What happens to cilia in the larynx when exposed to cold air?
They slow down
What connects the ears to the nasal cavity in the nasopharynx area?
Eustachian tubes
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Closing off the trachea
What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs?
Clean debris and kill pathogens
What is the purpose of the cardiac notch in the left lung?
Create space for the heart
Which type of muscle contraction is primarily responsible for deep breathing?
Diaphragm contraction
What is the total amount of air in the lungs represented by Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
$6000$ ml
What does the anatomical dead space refer to?
Air that never reaches the alveoli
Which pressure is responsible for inspiration during breathing?
Atmospheric pressure
What controls the respiratory rate in humans?
$pH$ levels
Which structure carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
$500$ ml of air entering the lungs during quiet breathing is known as what?
$TV$
What is the primary role of terminal bronchioles in the respiratory system?
Branch out into bronchioles
What is the function of the apneustic center located in the pons?
Stimulates the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
How does the body's respiratory rate adjust in response to a decrease in oxygen levels?
It increases ventilation
What happens when there is a high pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?
Pulmonary arterioles dilate
Which gas law states that the sum of each gas pressure is the total pressure?
Dalton's Law
What is the primary form through which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood back to the lungs?
As bicarbonate
How does a decrease in pH influence oxygen saturation of hemoglobin?
Decreases saturation
What is hyperpnea?
Increase in rate and depth of ventilation
What happens to oxygen after it diffuses into a red blood cell?
Binds with the iron molecule connected to hemoglobin.
Which molecules are responsible for transporting most of the carbon dioxide back to the lungs?
Bicarbonate molecules
Test your knowledge on the respiratory system and nasal anatomy. Learn about the functions of the conducting zone, the structures of the nose, and how air is processed in the respiratory system.
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