Childhood Viruses

Questions and Answers

How long does it take for the measles rash to develop after initial replication?

2 weeks (correct)

1 week

4 weeks

3 weeks

What is the primary host of the measles virus?

Humans and primates

Animals and humans

Birds and humans

Humans only (correct)

What is the primary diagnostic method for measles?

IgM antibody levels (correct)

IgG antibody levels

Culturing the virus

Physical examination

What is a common complication of congenital rubella infection?

Birth defects Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of virus that causes rubella?

RNA virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vaccine that protects against measles?

MMR Signup and view all the answers

How is rubella primarily spread?

By respiratory secretions and vertically to the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the rubella vaccine?

To prevent rubella infections in pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic rash of erythema infectiosum?

A distinct facial rash that spares the area around the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of rubella infection in pregnant women?

Miscarriage or fetal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

How is erythema infectiosum diagnosed?

By detecting IgM antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between rubella and erythema infectiosum?

Availability of a vaccine Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus causes measles?

Negative-stranded, enveloped RNA virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of symptoms in measles?

Immune response to infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the rash in measles?

It starts from the face and moves to the trunk and extremities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of measles?

Otitis media Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of adhesion and fusion proteins in measles virus?

To help the virus avoid immune recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Koplik's spots?

Red lesions with a bluish-white speck in the center Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of measles in children?

The disease can be fatal in children Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between measles virus and mumps virus?

They are in the same family but different genera Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Measles (Rubeola)

Highly contagious, spread via respiratory droplets
Humans are the only host
Initial replication takes ~2 weeks to develop rash
Vaccination has reduced spread of the disease, but outbreaks are increasing due to parents not vaccinating children (MMR vaccine)
2019 saw 869,770 cases of measles

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Diagnosis is based on signs of measles and IgM antibody levels
Treatment involves administration of vitamin A, antibodies against measles, and ribavirin
MMR vaccine protects against measles (live virus vaccine administered with mumps and rubella as MMR, or with mumps, rubella, and varicella as MMRV)

Rubella

Signs and symptoms include rash, adenopathy, and arthritis and encephalitis in adults
Congenital infection can result in birth defects or death of fetus (most severe complication, occurs in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, 85% transmission rate to fetus)
Caused by rubella virus, a Togavirus (RNA virus)
Infection spreads from the respiratory tract throughout the body via the blood
The immune response to infected cells contributes to the severity of disease in adults

Epidemiology

Spread by respiratory secretions and vertically to the fetus
Infects only humans
Diagnosis made by observation of rash and serological testing (IgM antibody detection)
Vaccine is available, aimed at preventing rubella infections in pregnant women

Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

Caused by Parvovirus B19 virus
Worldwide infection, very common in early childhood, about 50% infected by age 19
Transmission: respiratory droplets, vertical (mom to fetus)
Symptoms: respiratory disease, distinct facial rash, lacy pink rash of the extremities, anemia and joint pain in adults, miscarriage or fetal abnormalities if pregnant women are infected
Diagnosis: antibody detection (IgM)
Prevention: no vaccine available

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of measles, including its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Learn about the importance of vaccination in controlling the spread of this highly contagious disease.