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PH 7 Drugs for Viral and Retroviral Infections
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PH 7 Drugs for Viral and Retroviral Infections

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Questions and Answers

Which virus is responsible for genital herpes infections and lesions?

  • Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (correct)
  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
  • Influenza virus
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)

    • What is the goal of HSV antiviral therapy?

  • To completely eliminate the virus from the body
  • To reduce the frequency and intensity of symptoms (correct)
  • To cure the disease
  • To prevent the spread of the disease to others

    • Which of the following is a common antiviral drug for HSV?

  • Oseltamivir
  • Amantadine
  • Famciclovir (correct)
  • Rimantadine

    • How do viral DNA polymerase inhibitors work to reduce viral reproduction?

    <p>By forming 'counterfeit' molecules that block the virus and its enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug prevents cellular infection with HIV by blocking the CCR5 receptor on CD4+ T cells?

    <p>entry inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug inhibits the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into the host cell's human DNA?

    <p>integrase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug works by binding directly to the HIV-1 enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing viral cell DNA replication, RNA replication, and protein synthesis?

    <p>non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug suppresses the formation of infectious virions by inhibiting the retroviral protease enzyme?

    <p>protease inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is a DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat HBV infection?

    <p>Adefovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for entecavir (Baraclude)?

    <p>1 mg orally once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is a combination antiviral agent used to treat hepatitis C?

    <p>Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for telbivudine (Tyzeka)?

    <p>600 mg orally once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs are most often used to prevent and control HSV infections?

    <p>Acyclovir and famciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of neuraminidase inhibitors in treating influenza?

    <p>Prevent the virus from opening its outer coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus can cause serious problems such as brain infection and serious eye infections?

    <p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of anticytomegalovirus drugs in treating CMV infection?

    <p>Inhibit the viral form of the enzyme needed for viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for the treatment of RSV and can also be used for treating hepatitis C?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage range for cidofovir (Vistide) for adults?

    <p>5 mg/kg once weekly for 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing implication should be considered when administering cidofovir and foscarnet?

    <p>Ensure adequate hydration during therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major drug used to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

    <p>Lamivudine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a key learning outcome for this section?

    <p>List the names, actions, possible side effects, and adverse effects of common antiviral drugs for herpes simplex viral infections and influenza infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of AIDS?

    <p>The later stage of HIV disease that causes a breakdown in the immune system, leaving the patient unable to fight infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of antiretroviral?

    <p>Drugs that are a subset of antiviral drugs and specifically suppress the reproduction of retroviruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key term for the later stage of HIV disease that causes a breakdown in the immune system?

    <p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two antivirals are used in treating or preventing influenza in children?

    <p>Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is common among antivirals used to treat herpes infections and influenza?

    <p>-vir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>To suppress the herpes virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action when using topical drugs for treatment of HSV-1 or HSV-2?

    <p>Use gloves and wash hands thoroughly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the serious warnings associated with antiviral drugs?

    <p>Warnings for patients and black box warnings for healthcare providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intravenous antivirals used for?

    <p>Treating CMV retinitis and RSV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug prevents cellular infection with HIV by blocking the ability of HIV's surface protein gp41 to fuse with the host cell's CD4 receptor?

    <p>Fusion inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug inhibits the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into the host cell's human DNA?

    <p>Integrase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug suppresses the formation of infectious virions by inhibiting the retroviral protease enzyme?

    <p>Protease inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug prevents cellular infection with HIV by blocking the CCR5 receptor on CD4+ T cells?

    <p>Entry inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiviral drug is used to prevent and control HSV infections?

    <p>DNA polymerase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of neuraminidase inhibitors in treating influenza?

    <p>Preventing the virus from opening its outer coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>To prevent and control HSV infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major drug used to treat hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

    <p>Entecavir (Baraclude)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug suppresses the formation of infectious virions by inhibiting the retroviral protease enzyme?

    <p>Protease inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of anticytomegalovirus drugs in treating CMV infection?

    <p>Suppression of viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug inhibits the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into the host cell's human DNA?

    <p>Integrase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is common among antivirals used to treat herpes infections and influenza?

    <p>-ciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is a DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat HBV infection?

    <p>Adefovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for entecavir (Baraclude)?

    <p>1 mg orally once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a combination antiviral agent containing the viral protein inhibitor ledipasvir and the viral DNA polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir?

    <p>Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug increases sun sensitivity and can result in severe sunburn?

    <p>Simeprevir (Olysio)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a 'hazardous drug' and requires precautions to avoid exposure?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for foscarnet (Foscavir)?

    <p>40 mg/kg intravenously every 8-12 hours for 14-21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of ribavirin (Virazole) in treating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

    <p>Directly damages genetic material, both RNA and DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs does lamivudine belong to?

    <p>Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat genital herpes infections and lesions?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for acyclovir (Zovirax) to decrease the frequency of outbreaks?

    <p>1 g orally twice daily for the first day of an outbreak, followed by 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antiviral drugs is a neuraminidase inhibitor used to prevent influenza spread and reduce the symptoms of influenza?

    <p>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for oseltamivir (Tamiflu) to treat an active influenza infection?

    <p>75 mg orally twice daily for 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two antivirals are used in treating or preventing influenza in children?

    <p>Oseltamivir phosphate and zanamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using topical drugs for treatment of HSV-1 (cold sores) or HSV-2 (genital herpes), what precaution should be taken?

    <p>Use gloves and wash hands thoroughly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>To treat herpes prophylactically or symptomatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suffix is common among antivirals used to treat herpes infections and influenza?

    <p>-vir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus can cause serious problems such as brain infection and serious eye infections?

    <p>CMV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intravenous antivirals used for?

    <p>Treating serious problems of CMV retinitis and RSV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug prevents cellular infection with HIV by blocking the ability of HIV's surface protein gp41 to fuse with the host cell's CD4 receptor?

    <p>fusion inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific retrovirus responsible for the immune system problems associated with destruction of helper T cells (CD4 cells) when the infection results in HIV disease and progresses to AIDS?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug inhibits the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into the host cell's human DNA?

    <p>integrase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug suppresses the formation of infectious virions by inhibiting the retroviral protease enzyme?

    <p>protease inhibitor (PI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key learning outcome for the section on Antivirals and Antiretrovirals?

    <p>Explain the pathophysiology of viruses and retroviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>To prevent viral cell DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug works by binding directly to the HIV-1 enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing viral cell DNA replication, RNA replication, and protein synthesis?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key term for the later stage of HIV disease that causes a breakdown in the immune system?

    <p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to treat hepatitis C and is taken orally along with other drugs for years?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for cidofovir (Vistide)?

    <p>5 mg/kg intravenously once weekly for 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should not be used in women who are pregnant unless the infection is life-threatening because the risk for birth defects is high?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should be avoided during pregnancy because it can cause severe birth defects or fetal death?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common antiviral drug for HSV?

    <p>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for acyclovir (Zovirax) to decrease the frequency of outbreaks?

    <p>1 g orally twice daily for 10 days at first sign of outbreak; 500 mg orally once daily continually to prevent a person with herpes from spreading the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>To prevent outbreaks and reduce the frequency and intensity of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the serious warnings associated with antiviral drugs?

    <p>Risk of liver damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat HBV infection?

    <p>Adefovir (Hepsera)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a synthetic injected drug similar to the interferon the human body makes to fight viral infections?

    <p>Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a protease inhibitor used to prevent viral replication and release of viral particles?

    <p>Simeprevir (Olysio)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a combination antiviral agent used to treat hepatitis C?

    <p>Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (HARVONI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two types of drugs are used to treat influenza?

    <p>Neuraminidase inhibitors and drugs that prevent viral uncoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of drugs used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection?

    <p>Inhibit the viral enzyme's need to make more DNA for viral reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for respiratory infections such as chest colds, croup, and pneumonia in children?

    <p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time frame for initiating antiviral therapy for influenza?

    <p>After exposure and before symptoms start or within 48 hours of symptom onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two antivirals are commonly used in treating or preventing influenza in children?

    <p>Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>To treat herpes prophylactically or symptomatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is common among antivirals used to treat herpes infections and influenza?

    <p>-vir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of neuraminidase inhibitors in treating influenza?

    <p>To prevent the release of newly formed virus particles from infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug inhibits the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into the host cell's human DNA?

    <p>Raltegravir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing implication should be considered when administering cidofovir and foscarnet?

    <p>Both drugs carry serious warnings for patients and black box warnings for healthcare providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main action of antiretroviral drugs?

    <p>Suppress the reproduction of retroviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key term for the later stage of HIV disease that causes a breakdown in the immune system?

    <p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs does lamivudine belong to?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>Suppress the formation of infectious virions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a hazardous drug and requires precautions to avoid exposure to anyone except the patient?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage range for cidofovir (Vistide) when administered intravenously once weekly for 2 weeks in adults?

    <p>5 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should not be used in pregnant women unless the infection is life-threatening because of the high risk for birth defects?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug increases the likelihood for seizures and requires patients to be asked about a seizure disorder?

    <p>Foscarnet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiviral drug works by preventing cellular infection with HIV by blocking the CCR5 receptor on CD4+ T cells?

    <p>entry inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug inhibits the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to insert the viral DNA into the host cell's human DNA?

    <p>integrase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral drug works by binding directly to the HIV-1 enzyme reverse transcriptase, preventing viral cell DNA replication, RNA replication, and protein synthesis?

    <p>non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiretroviral drug suppresses the formation of infectious virions by inhibiting the retroviral protease enzyme?

    <p>protease inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiviral drug is used to prevent and control HSV infections?

    <p>DNA polymerase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of neuraminidase inhibitors in treating influenza?

    <p>Preventing the virus from leaving infected cells and spreading to other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a 'hazardous drug' and requires precautions to avoid exposure?

    <p>Cidofovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage range for cidofovir (Vistide) for adults?

    <p>1 to 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat HBV infection?

    <p>Adefovir (Hepsera)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a protease inhibitor used to treat HCV infection?

    <p>Simeprevir (Olysio)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a combination antiviral agent containing the viral protein inhibitor ledipasvir and the viral DNA polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir?

    <p>Ledipasvir (Harvoni)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a synthetic injected drug similar to the interferon the human body makes to fight viral infections?

    <p>Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiviral drug is a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat herpes simplex virus infections?

    <p>Acyclovir (Zovirax)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for acyclovir (Zovirax) to decrease the frequency of herpes simplex virus outbreaks?

    <p>1 g orally twice daily for the first day of an outbreak, followed by 500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiviral drug is a neuraminidase inhibitor used to prevent influenza spread and reduce the symptoms of influenza?

    <p>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended adult dosage range for oseltamivir (Tamiflu) to treat influenza?

    <p>75 mg orally twice daily for 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two antivirals are commonly used in treating or preventing influenza in children?

    <p>Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action when using topical drugs for treatment of HSV-1 (cold sores) or HSV-2 (genital herpes)?

    <p>Use gloves and wash hands thoroughly to prevent spread of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of antivirals in treating herpes infections?

    <p>To treat herpes prophylactically or symptomatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus can cause serious problems such as brain infection and serious eye infections?

    <p>CMV (Cytomegalovirus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antivirals are used for the more serious problems of CMV retinitis and RSV?

    <p>Some very toxic intravenous antivirals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precautions should be taken when using antivirals for the more serious problems of CMV retinitis and RSV?

    <p>Caution should be taken due to serious warnings for patients and black box warnings for healthcare providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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