Dosages and Treatments for Genital Conditions

<p>80 mg/kg/day divided QID for 5 to 7 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both 200 mg 5 times daily and 400 mg TID for 5 to 10 days are correct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 days on, 4 days off (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More aggressive therapies and specialist consultation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>400 -800mg single dose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>500 mg BID for 7 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 tabs BID (C), 1 DS tab BID (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TMP/SMX (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fosfomycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-10 mg/kg/day trimethoprim divided q12h (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ceftriaxone 250 IM dose (A), Doxycycline 100 mg BID x 7 days/Azithromycin 1 Gram single dose (C), all of them (D), Cefixime 400- 800 po x 1 dose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mirabegron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least 4 attempts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase bladder capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum testosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active surveillance and reassurance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Start-stop technique, pause &amp; squeeze technique (A), Cognitive behavioral therapy, (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No testing is needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic floor muscle training (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest X-ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-8 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local estrogen therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychoeducation and behavioral interventions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthen pelvic floor muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizziness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing alcohol consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential orthostatic hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They expand bladder capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry mouth and constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severity of symptoms and complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-2 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30-40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6-10 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 6-12 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70-80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>≤ 10 cm² (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TMP/SMX 1DS BID x 7 days (B), Amoxicillin 500 MG TAB TID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-100 mg QID (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norfloxacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25-50 mg/kg/day divided q6h (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 mg BID (A), 200 mg once daily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cefixime (C), Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>500 mg (extended release) once daily (C), 250 mg BID (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TMP/SMX (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase bladder capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-8 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reassurance and active surveillance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress incontinence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delay urination and improve bladder control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antimuscarinics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of cognitive decline or dementia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased alcohol consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6-8 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overflow incontinence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves both stress incontinence and urgency incontinence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-8 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal changes post-menopause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>≥4 doses/week (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive HIV test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum creatinine and eGFR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defer PrEP and repeat HIV test in 1-3 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MSM/TGW only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 12 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refer for nPEP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase to 500 mg daily or 1000 mg daily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Once daily for up to 8 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 mg/kg/day divided QID for 5 to 7 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200 mg QID or 400 mg TID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 days on, 4 days off (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More aggressive therapies and consultation with a specialist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 16 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydronephrosis (A), Urinary tract infections (B), Bladder stones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic floor muscle training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mirabegron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6-8 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased alcohol consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase bladder capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha-blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic floor muscle training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest X-ray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-8 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reassurance and active surveillance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urgency incontinence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pelvic floor muscle exercises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Botulinum toxin injections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older females (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-8 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress incontinence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diminished cognitive function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overflow incontinence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PSA test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>≥4 doses/week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive HIV test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum creatinine and eGFR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 3 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defer PrEP and repeat HIV test in 1-3 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 12 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pregnancy testing every 6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defer PrEP and repeat HIV test in 1-3 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>28 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD4 count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optional, based on expert opinion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 1-2 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3-4 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70-80% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.5 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fosfomycin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>400 mg single dose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E. coli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-10 mg/kg/day trimethoprim divided q12h (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>500 mg BID for 7 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TMP/SMX (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200 mg once daily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>≥10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous peoples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DESCOVY (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every 3 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During pregnancy and/or pre-operative genitourinary procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrofurantoin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest X-ray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 tablet once daily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 tabs BID (B), 1 DS tab BID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Headache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.coli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 tablets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 g dissolved in 1/2 cup of cold water once (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cephalexin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-100 mg QID (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoxicillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 DS tab BID (A), 2 tabs BID (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

400 mg of Acyclovir, taken three times a day, for 5 to 10 days, for initial symptomatic episodes.

250 mg Valacyclovir twice daily, or 500 mg daily for common suppressive therapy. Increase to 1000 mg daily if having more than 9 episodes a year.

Apply Imiquimod 3.75% cream once daily for up to 8 weeks for external genital warts.

80 mg/kg/day divided into four doses for 5 to 7 days for the first symptomatic herpes episode.

Acyclovir 200 mg five times a day or 400 mg TID for 5 to 10 days is both acceptable in pregnancy.

Apply Podofilox 0.5% solution for 3 days, then take a 4-day rest.

More aggressive therapies and specialist consultation are crucial for immunocompromised hosts.

The primary aim of pharmacological therapy for BPH is to alleviate urinary symptoms and enhance the patient's quality of life.

Elderly patients or those with pre-existing heart conditions should be carefully monitored when prescribed alpha-blockers due to potential cardiovascular risks.

Antimuscarinic medications help manage urgency associated with BPH by increasing bladder capacity and reducing detrusor overactivity.

Dry mouth and constipation are common side effects associated with anticholinergic medications used for BPH management.

The choice between an alpha-blocker and a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor for BPH treatment should be influenced by the severity of symptoms and the presence of complications like urinary retention or obstruction.

Mirabegron is a medication used to manage bladder overactivity.

The primary goal of bladder training for urgency incontinence is to increase bladder capacity.

Serum testosterone is not typically included in the initial lab tests for BPH evaluation.

Reassurance and active surveillance are the recommended approaches for patients with minimal BPH symptoms.

Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are associated with a heightened risk of cardiac failure in older BPH patients.

Pelvic floor muscle training is the recommended first-line approach for stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy.

Chest X-ray is not a typical component of a physical exam for urinary incontinence.

The recommended duration for assessing the effectiveness of alpha-blockers in BPH is 4-8 weeks.

Long-term bladder outlet obstruction in BPH can lead to urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and hydronephrosis.

The primary goal of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) in stress urinary incontinence is to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.

Metronidazole is the first-line treatment for symptomatic bacterial vaginosis.

The usual dosage of oral metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis is 500 mg twice a day for 7 days.

Cefixime is the first-line treatment for gonococcal urethritis in adults.

The usual dosage of cefixime for gonococcal urethritis in adults is 400 mg as a single dose.

TMP/SMX (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole) is the first-line treatment for UTI in children.

The usual dosage of TMP/SMX for children with UTI is 5-10 mg/kg/day of trimethoprim divided every 12 hours.

Amoxicillin is recommended as a second-line treatment for UTI in children if TMP/SMX is not effective.

Fosfomycin is recommended as a single-dose treatment for uncomplicated UTI in females.

E. coli is the most probable cause of acute cystitis in females (80-90%).

Opioids, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants can potentially cause erectile dysfunction.

Start-stop technique, Kegel exercises, and cognitive behavioral therapy are potential non-pharmacological interventions for premature ejaculation.

Lamotrigine may improve sexual function in patients with epilepsy.

Liver function tests, renal function tests, and complete blood counts are recommended for monitoring patients on long-term PDE5 inhibitor therapy.

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hormonal changes are potential causes of sexual dysfunction in older adults.

Local estrogen therapy is a recommended first-line intervention for vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women.

Smoking cessation, regular physical activity, and limiting alcohol consumption can improve erectile function.

Psychoeducation and behavioral interventions are the recommended initial approach.

Penile pain, priapism, and penile fibrosis can be side effects of alprostadil injections.

Patients with cardiovascular disease need to be careful about taking PDE5 inhibitors.

The recommended distance to freeze beyond the wart's edge during cryotherapy is 1-2 mm.

The risk of vertical transmission of herpes to a newborn during delivery when a primary herpes outbreak occurs is 30-40%.

Imiquimod 5% cream should be washed off 6-10 hours after application.

Neonatal herpes involving only skin, eyes, and mucous membranes requires a 14-day treatment course.

For provider-administered therapies, the maximum recommended treatment area is 10 cm².

Suppressive therapy effectively reduces recurrent genital herpes by 70-80%.

Podophyllin resin should be removed 3-4 hours after application.

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the first-line treatment for UTIs in children.

Amoxicillin is recommended as a second-line treatment for UTIs in children if TMP/SMX is not effective.

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the first-line treatment for symptomatic UTIs in nursing home residents.

Ciprofloxacin is recommended as a second-line treatment for UTIs in nursing home residents.

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the first-line treatment for early relapse of cystitis in females.

Norfloxacin is recommended as a second-line treatment for recurrent cystitis in females.

Fosfomycin is recommended as a single-dose treatment for uncomplicated UTIs in females.

The usual dosage of Amoxicillin for UTIs in children is 25-50 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hours.

The usual dosage of Cephalexin for UTIs in children is 25-50 mg/kg/day divided every 6 hours.

Serum testosterone is typically not included in the initial lab tests for BPH evaluation.

Reassurance and active surveillance are recommended for patients with minimally bothersome BPH symptoms.

Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors increase the risk of new cardiac failure in patients over 66 years old with BPH.

There are several types of urinary incontinence, including stress incontinence (leakage with physical activity), urgency incontinence (sudden urge to urinate), overflow incontinence (inability to fully empty the bladder), and functional incontinence (physical or cognitive limitations causing leakage).

Stress incontinence is the most prevalent type of urinary incontinence in adults, usually triggered by activities like coughing, sneezing, or exercise.

PFME involve strengthening the pelvic floor muscles that help control urination. They can help with various types of incontinence.

Antimuscarinics are the first-line medication choice for urgency incontinence, but caution is required in elderly patients due to potential dementia risk.

Stress incontinence is the most common type of incontinence during pregnancy.

Serum testosterone is typically not included in the initial lab tests for BPH evaluation.

Bladder training aims to increase bladder capacity, allowing for longer intervals between urination.

For PrEP to be effective in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW), at least four doses per week are needed to be taken.

A person who has a positive HIV test cannot take PrEP as it's designed to prevent HIV infection, not treat it.

If you're on PrEP, regular screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is crucial. You should get tested every 3 months.

To monitor kidney function, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) tests are recommended for people on PrEP.

Women on PrEP should get a pregnancy test every 3 months, just like the STI screenings.

If you're on PrEP and develop symptoms of acute HIV infection, stop PrEP and get an HIV test again in 1-3 weeks.

When prescribing Truvada for PrEP, monitor for interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Truvada can potentially decrease bone mineral density, so it's good to be aware of this side effect.

For heterosexual individuals, continue PrEP for 28 days after the last potential HIV exposure.

If someone has a recent (within 72 hours) high-risk HIV exposure, refer them for post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP).

For adults with their first symptomatic herpes episode, the recommended Acyclovir dosage is 400 mg three times a day for 5 to 10 days.

For chronic herpes suppression, Valacyclovir is typically prescribed at 250 mg twice a day or 500 mg daily. If a patient has more than 9 episodes per year, the dosage can be increased to 1000 mg daily.

If a pregnant woman has had a herpes infection within the past year, prophylactic Acyclovir can be prescribed at either 200 mg four times a day or 400 mg three times a day.

Serum testosterone is typically not included in the initial laboratory tests for BPH evaluation.

The primary goal of pelvic floor muscle exercises is to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles to improve urinary control.

It's recommended to continue pelvic floor muscle exercises for 6-8 weeks before assessing their effectiveness.

The recommended duration for assessing the effectiveness of alpha-blockers in BPH is 4-8 weeks.

Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can increase the risk of new cardiac failure in BPH patients over 66 years old.

For patients with minimal BPH symptoms, the recommended approach is reassurance and active surveillance.

The primary objective of bladder training for urgency incontinence is to increase bladder capacity.

Reassurance and active surveillance are recommended for patients with minimal BPH symptoms.

Bladder training involves gradually increasing the time between urinations to increase bladder capacity and control urgency incontinence.

Metronidazole is the preferred first-line treatment for symptomatic bacterial vaginosis.

The standard dosage for oral metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis is 500 mg twice daily for 7 days.

Cefixime is the recommended first-line treatment for gonococcal urethritis in adults.

The standard dosage for cefixime for gonococcal urethritis in adults is 400 mg as a single dose.

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the preferred first-line treatment for UTIs in children.

The usual dosage for TMP/SMX for children with UTIs is 5-10 mg/kg/day of trimethoprim divided every 12 hours.

Amoxicillin is recommended as a second-line treatment option for UTIs in children if TMP/SMX is not effective.

E. coli is the most frequent cause of acute cystitis in females, accounting for 80-90% of cases.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be screened and treated only during pregnancy and before genitourinary surgeries.

Nitrofurantoin is the first-line antibiotic for asymptomatic bacteriuria when treatment is necessary.

The usual dosage for TMP/SMX to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria is 2 tabs BID or 1 DS tab BID.

E. coli is the most common cause of asymptomatic bacteriuria, accounting for 60-70% of cases.

Fosfomycin, for asymptomatic bacteriuria, is typically given as a single dose of 3 grams dissolved in half a cup of cold water.

Cephalexin is the first-line antibiotic for acute cystitis in pregnant women.

The usual dosage of Nitrofurantoin for acute cystitis in pregnant women is 50-100 mg QID or Macrobid 100 mg BID.

Amoxicillin is recommended as a second-line treatment for acute cystitis in pregnant women.

The usual dosage of TMP/SMX for acute cystitis in pregnant women is 2 tabs BID or 1 DS tab BID.

The most probable causes of cystitis in pregnancy include E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Enterococci.

After starting PrEP, individuals should get an HIV test every 3 months to monitor for potential infection.

Before starting PrEP, a baseline evaluation should include an HIV test, Hepatitis B serology, and creatinine clearance.

If a patient on PrEP experiences symptoms of acute HIV infection, they should stop PrEP and get an HIV test again in 1-3 weeks.

When starting PrEP, patients should be educated about the importance of adherence, potential side effects, and ongoing HIV risk reduction strategies.

For heterosexual individuals, continue PrEP for 28 days after the last potential HIV exposure.

PrEP stands for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. It's a daily medication that helps prevent HIV infection in people who are at risk.

People who are at high risk of getting HIV, such as those who have unprotected sex with multiple partners or those who use needles to inject drugs.

PrEP should be prescribed initially for 1 month.

HIV testing is recommended every 3 months after starting PrEP.

The recommended daily dose for TRUVADA PrEP is 1 tablet once daily.

The "2-1-1" method involves taking 2 tablets 2-24 hours before sexual activity.

A common side effect of PrEP is headache, which is usually temporary.

The "2-1-1" on-demand method is recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) only.

Stopping PrEP in Hepatitis B patients can lead to a Hepatitis B flare, where the virus becomes more active.

DESCOVY might be preferred over TRUVADA for individuals with a history of fractures or osteoporosis.