41 Questions
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To remove excess fluid and pathogens from the body
What happens if the lymphatic system gets blocked?
Lymphedema can develop
How many lymph nodes are typically present in the human body?
500 - 600
What is the mechanism that moves lymph fluid through the lymphatic system?
Muscle contractions and breathing
What is the function of lacteals in the intestines?
To carry dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins to the liver and bloodstream
What are the three phases of the immune system?
Barrier, innate, and adaptive
What is the role of HIV in our immune system?
It weakens and inhibits the helper T cells
Which type of hypersensitivity involves antigen-antibody accumulation in the blood stream?
Type 3
What is the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis?
Mother's antibodies attacking the fetus due to a positive Rh factor
Which characteristic makes family members more likely to be organ transplant matches?
Similar genetic background
What does 'equilibrium' refer to in relation to cancer and the immune system?
Cancer cells being held in check by the immune system
How does Type 4 hypersensitivity manifest during a second exposure?
Cytokines are released to activate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells
What is the purpose of opsonization?
To mark a pathogen for phagocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation?
Fever
What is the primary role of histamine during inflammation?
To increase vasodilation
What is the purpose of the innate immune response?
To slow down pathogens so the adaptive immune response can develop
What is the difference between the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses?
The secondary response is stronger and faster
What is the role of T cells in the adaptive immune response?
To control and regulate the adaptive immune response
What is the purpose of antigen presentation?
To allow T cells to recognize antigens
What is the difference between Class 1 and Class 2 MHC molecules?
Class 1 MHC molecules are found in many different cells, while Class 2 MHC molecules are only found in macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells
What is the purpose of positive and negative selection in the thymus?
To select T cells that can bind to MHC molecules and eliminate those that cannot
What is the difference between helper T cells (Th1 and Th2) and cytotoxic T cells?
Helper T cells release cytokines to attract other immune cells, while cytotoxic T cells release enzymes to destroy infected cells
What is the main function of the thymus gland?
To produce T cells
Which of the following is NOT considered a phagocyte?
B cell
What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells?
To destroy infected cells
What is the main way that lymphocytes collect in the body?
In lymph nodes and lymphoid nodules
What is the primary function of the spleen?
To filter the blood
What is the main role of the innate immune system?
To respond quickly to a wide range of pathogens
What is the primary function of cytokines?
To communicate between immune cells over short distances
What is the main function of the skin as an immune barrier?
To provide a physical and chemical barrier
What is the primary role of macrophages in the immune system?
To recognize and destroy a wide range of pathogens
What is the main function of the adaptive immune response?
To provide long-term memory and protection against future infections
Which immune cells suppress other T cells and the immune response?
Regulatory T cells
What is the term for the clumping together of antigens caused by antibodies?
Agglutination
Which antibody is known to be associated with allergies and anaphylaxis?
IgE
What is the main antibody produced during a secondary immune response?
IgG
What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells in the immune system?
Killing virus-infected cells
Which antibody type is the largest and the first produced during a primary immune response?
IgM
What is the process called when B cells change the type of antibody they produce during an immune response?
Class switching
Which type of immunity involves transferring antibodies to an individual without their body producing its own immunity?
Passive immunity
What is the main function of antibodies against viruses?
Prevent viruses from entering host cells
Test your knowledge on the lymphatic system and its role in the immune response. Learn about how the lymphatic system helps remove pathogens from the blood stream and what happens when the system gets blocked. Explore the function of lymph nodes as staging areas for immune responses.
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