18 Questions
What is the purpose of a Tzanck smear in the laboratory diagnosis of HSV infections?
To detect the presence of multinucleated giant cells, suggesting HSV infection.
How can viral antigens or DNA in vesicular fluid be detected in the laboratory for HSV infections?
Through immunofluorescence, DNA probes, or PCR.
What is the method used to isolate the virus from herpetic lesions?
Immunofluorescence or ELISA.
Describe the clinical presentation of infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
It presents with fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, rash, and commonly hepatitis.
How does EBV infection differ when it occurs in adolescence compared to childhood?
In adolescence, 50% of cases manifest as infectious mononucleosis (IMN), while childhood infections are usually asymptomatic.
What laboratory test can be performed to detect heterophils antibodies in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis?
Paul Bunnel test.
What clinical forms can CMV infection take in the normal host?
Asymptomatic latent infection or infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome
What are the clinical manifestations of congenital CMV infection?
Abortion, still-birth, cytomegalic inclusion disease with congenital anomalies like blindness, deafness, mental retardation
How can CMV infection be diagnosed?
Detection of intranuclear cytomegalic inclusions, CMV nucleic acids in tissues, isolation of virus from throat washings and urine, detection of IgM or rising titer of IgG
What clinical manifestations does CMV infection cause in immunocompromised hosts?
Pneumonia, retinitis, graft rejection, disseminated disease
What is the association observed between CMV and coronary angioplasty?
Restenosis
What type of antibodies are typically absent in CMV infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome in the normal host?
Heterophile antibodies
What is the etiology of viral lymphadenitis according to Dr. Amal Hassan Salama?
Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, Herpes simplex virus, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Coxsackie, Adenovirus
Describe the characteristics of Rubella (German Measles) as outlined by Dr. Amal Hassan Salama.
Rubella is an acute infectious disease characterized by fever, rash, and enlargement of occipital and cervical lymph nodes. It is caused by a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the Togavirus family.
Explain the transmission mode of Rubella virus according to Dr. Amal Hassan Salama.
Rubella virus is not transmitted by arthropods. It is transmitted by infection of neonates, children, and adults through respiratory droplets.
Describe the process of infection in postnatal Rubella according to Dr. Amal Hassan Salama.
Initial replication of the virus occurs in the nasopharynx and local lymph nodes, then spreads via the blood to internal organs and skin. This leads to the appearance of a maculopapular rash, fever, and enlargement of cervical or occipital lymph nodes.
What are the characteristics of Congenital Rubella Syndrome as described by Dr. Amal Hassan Salama?
Congenital Rubella Syndrome occurs when Rubella infection of pregnant women leads to transplacental transmission to the fetus. This can result in congenital anomalies like heart defects, cataract, deafness, blindness, and mental retardation.
What are the possible congenital anomalies associated with Rubella infection in pregnant women according to Dr. Amal Hassan Salama?
Congenital heart defects, cataract, deafness, blindness, meningoencephalitis, mental retardation, hepatosplenomegaly
Learn about the laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infections when the clinical diagnosis is not clear. Topics include Tzanck smear, viral antigen detection, DNA probes, PCR, and virus isolation techniques.
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